Mr Harrison- A2 No. 1

Mr Harrison- A2 No. 1

1. Energy Systems:

   • There are three main energy systems that we use in the body: Aerobic, Lactic acid and ATP/PC system.
   • The ATP/PC system
     • This is the system:
       • The Advantages of using this system can be that it can be resynthesised quickly, there are no fatiguing by products and it is possible to extend this through the use of creatine supplements
       • The Disadvantages is that there are limited amount of stores in the body and the resynthesis of ATP can only be done in the presence of oxygen
     • This system is designed for high intensity activities that last no longer than 10 seconds.
     • This system is also anaerobic
   • The Lactic acid system
     • This energy system is used under the duration of about 1 min and under high intensity exercise. this system is anaerobic and two molecules of ATP are formed at the end.
       • This is the painful by product that builds up in muscles
     • The system is:
       • Advantages of this system is that ATP can be resynthesised quickly and there are few chemical reactions that are needed to take place, this system can also be used for a sprint finish and for quick bursts of enery
       • Disadvantages of this system can be that it leaves behind a fatiguing by product. This by product can mean that the enzymes denature and prevents the rate of which chemical reactions take place
   • The Aerobic system
     • this system is used for low intensity exercises but high in endurance, this system also uses oxygen and ATP is regenerated in three different ways through the use of fats and glucose
     • The system is
       • Advantages of this system is that 36 ATP can be resynthesised, there are no fatiguing by products and there are large stores of of glycogen and triglycerides that can be used for long periods of time.
       • Disadvantages of this system can be that it is complex system and needs to make sure that all products involving this system are broken down completely. Secondly fatty acid transportation to muscles is low and requires 15% more oxygen to be broken down than oxygen
       • Beta Oxcidation
         • Beta oxcidation is a process that comes under the use of fats to create energy. this is when is is the same process of Aerobic but the use of fatty acids are used instead of glycogen, it is the same apart from after the use of the krebs cycle it is then thrown into the metabloisum to be used as enerygy.ONE MOLECULE OF FAT CREATES MORE ENERGY THAN ONE MOLECULE OF GLYCOGEN

2. The Energy Continuum:

   • The energy continuum is the movement form one energy system to another. This can also be referred to as a threshold when moving from one system to the next
     • This can be linked to Glycogen loading
       • Glycogen Loading is a form of dietary maniplulation maximising glycogen store. Glycogen loading consists of the performer eating a diet high in protein and fats for three days including exercise to burn off any excess carbohydrates in their body. this is then followed by three days afterwards of eating carbs with light exercise so that when the event comes around they have the optimum level of energy in their bodies and increases the glycogen stores
       • Advantages: it increases the following, glycogen synthesis, glycogen stores in muscles, endurance capacity and also delays the onset of fatigue
       • Disadvantages: fatigue, weight increase, irritably during the depletion phase and water retention which causes bloating
   • There are three other ways of enhancing your energy systems:
     • Soda Loading: this consists of drinking sodium biocarbonate which increases the PH of the blood. This increases the buffering of the capacity of the blood so it can neutralise the effect of lactic acid
     • Creatine Monohydrate: this is a substance that increases that amount of phosphocreatine stored in the muscles. This makes ATP last longer and can help improve recovery times.
     • Training: just general training can improve the efficency of each of the three energy systems, causing adaptions that will improve the impact of the ATP system

3. Causes of Fatigue:

   • Usually the cause of fatigue will differ on what activity you have done
   • Glycogen Depletion: this is when the stores of glycogen have depleted and the athletes "hit the wall" as the body tires to metabolise fats and is unable to to use them as fuel
   • Lactic Acid Build up: this is the accumulation of lactic acid and the release of hydrogen ions. The Hydrogen ions increase the acidity within the blood plasma. This inhibits enzyme action therefore the breakdown of glucose which irritates nerve endings and causes pain
   • Reduced rate if ATP: when the stores of ATP have depleted there is an insufficent amount of ATP to sustain a muscular contraction
   • Dehydration: this is loss of water through sweating and if not replaced it can have affect on blood flow and the loss of electrolytes such as calcium which help with muscular contractions. Bloody viscocity can decrease and so can blood pressure. There can be a reduced amount of sweating to prevent anymore water loss, this can lead to an increase in core body temperature and is therfore unable to meet the demands of the activity
   • Thermoregulation: this is when heat is generated in the body as a result of chemical reactions and takes place to produce energy. it is common for long distance runners to experience difficultly with thermoregulation. This is a main factor of dehydration and the body can become exhusted.
     • Thermoregulation is contorolled by the medulla in the brain. it is when heat is transported to the surface of the skin by the blood and the vessels vasodilate , this enables the heat to be lost through radiation, convection and the evaporations of sweat.

4. The recovery Process and EPOC

   • D
   • Epoc
     • This is the recovery section of exercise and the effects that it can have on the body
       • The fast and slow components of epoc
         • Slow/Lactacid
           • This is to do with the removal of lactic acid and glycogen replenishment
         • Fast/Alactacid
           • This is the restoration of ATP and phosphocreatine stores and the resaturation of myoglobin with the aid of oxygen, this comes with the aid of oxygen.

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