Semantics (S) vs. Pragmatics (P)

Semantics (S) vs. Pragmatics (P)

1. What is?

   • • Study of the meaning of language expressions, constituents and relations
       • Meaning combinations
       • Meaning complexity
       • Meaning variation according to context
   • • Study of the meaning of language expressions in speaking and writing acts according to the context
       • Context
         • Co-text
         • Situation of utterance
         • Situation of interpretation

2. Roles

   • • Linguistics
       • Phonology
       • Morphology
       • Syntax
         • I had cleaned my car ≠ I had my car cleaned.
     • Other disciplines
       • Philosophy
         • Why does 'this' mean 'this'?
       • Psychology
       • Semiotics
   • • Studying the context to understand a message and its meanings

3. Fields

   • • Lexical semantics
       • Mid- 1960s
         • Componential analysis of lexemes and their relations
           • Sense of lexeme
             • Descontextualized meaning
           • Structuralist method of contrastive distributional analysis
             • Lexemes with similar semantic components= Semantically Related
               • Denotata
                 • Semantics frames
                   • Charactertistics, features, attributes of denotata that set a background to meaning based on experience, beliefs and practices
       • Prague school
         • Semantic fields are constructed based on semantic relations among names of concepts
       • Semantic metalanguage
         • Semantic primes= Symbols used by linguists to describe and analyze a language
       • Prototype and stereotypes semantics
         • List of properties that a language expression must satisfy to be correctly used
     • Semantic-syntax interference
       • • Meaning of words combined in a sentence
       • Interpretative semantics
       • Generative semantics
         • Abstraction - Semantic rules to sentences since grammar
   • • Critical discourse analysis
       • Cultural and ideological situation of language
         • Metafunctions
           • Ideational metafunction
             • Experience and logic of meaning
           • Interpersonal metafunction
           • Textual metafunction
             • Informational structure
     • Indexicals
       • The use of determined words depends on situation of utterance or interpretation valued by the speaker
     • Scripts
       • Scripts contain assumed information regarding to the dialogues, escenary, people, etc.

4. Differences

   • • Denotations
   • • Connotation

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