Cranial pairs

Cranial pairs

1. Olfactory nerve (I).

   • Real origin: bipolar cells of the olfactory mucosa, located in the upper portion of the nostrils Apparent origin: Underside of the olfactory bulb, located on the cribriform of the ethmoid. Function: Innervate the olfactory mucosa epithelium.

2. Accessory nerve (XI).

   • Real origin: anterior Cuemo of the spinal cord gray substance (spinal cord segments from C1 to C5) Apparent source: Groove Antero-Lateral spinal cord . It innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

3. Facial Nerve (VII).

   • Actual source: bridge Apparent origin: End side of the bulb Pontine sulcus Inner ear canal. It is a mixed nerve: motor, sensory and vegetative organ.

4. Acoustic Neuroma-nerve / Vestibulocochlear / auditory (VIII).

   • Real origin: cochlear branch: Ganclio of corti Vestibular branch: ganglion vestibular Apparent source: Groove bulbar ´ponto outside of the facial nerve It innervates the organ of corti of the cochlear duct

5. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).

   • Real origin: ambiguous nucleus in the bulb Apparent origin: upper end of Groove post-olivar It is a mixed nerve: sencitivo-sensory, motor and vegetative. Sensory function: leads the overall sensitivity of the pharynx and the posterior third of the lingual mucosa, tonsillar region and part of the soft palate. As sensory nerve collects the gustatory stimuli of the posterior third of the tongue. Motor function: innervates the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate. Vegetative function: contains fibers parasimpaticas that innervate the Parotid gland and mucous glands linguo-laviales.

6. Oculomotor nerve / common Ocular Motor (III).

   • Actual source: core mescencefalo superior colliculus oculomotor Apparent origin: Interpeduncular Fos Function: eye movement and is responsible for the size of the pupilsa.

7. Vagus nerve / Pneumogastric (X)

   • Mixed nerve: motor, sensory and vegetative. Real origin Origin somatomayor: corresponds to the middle part of the ambiguous nucleus, below the engine origin of glossopharyngeal. Origin somatosentitivo: lies in two glands located in the path of the nerve. Apparent origin The pneumogastric emerges subsequent collateral Groove of the bulb, below the glossopharyngeal and above the spinal nerve.

8. Hypoglossal nerve (XII).

   • It is a motor nerve to innervate the muscles of the tongue, the muscles ifrahioideos and suprahyoid muscle: the genihioideo. Real origin The real origin of the largest halibut is a nucleus located in the medulla oblongata somatomotor and which corresponds to the inner white wing of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Apparent origin Halibut emerges for ten or eleven fillets Groove preolivar of the medulla oblongata.

9. Trochlear nerve / pathetic (IV).

   • Real origin: nucleus of the trochlear in the tegmentum of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus. Apparent origin: Both sides of the bridle of the colliculi lower, dorsal aspect of the midbrain. It innervate sthe muscle of the eye extrinsico, oblique upper. Superior orbital fissure.

10. Nerve trigeminal (V).

    • Actual source: has four cores Motor nucleus: Masticator on the bridge Gelatinous core: first cervical segments. The main sensory nucleus: in bridge The mesencephalic unucleo: in the midbrain. Apparent origin: Side of the bridge A branch of the fifth cranial pair passes through the superior orbital fissure.

11. Optic nerve (II)

    • Actual source: ganglionarias of retinal cell layers. Apparent originAnterior angle of the optic CHIASM Function: It Innervates conesand rods of the retina.

12. Abductor nerve / Abducens (VI)

    • It is an exclusively motor nerve, to straight inside the eye muscle. True origin: the external ocular motor nerve has its real origin in a protuberancial core located below the floor of the fourth ventricle and making prominence ventricular giving rise to eminence teres upstairs. This core is surrounded on the inside, by detraes and outside from the motor root of the facial nerve. Apparent origin: external ocular motor emerges from the Groove bulboprotuberancial, on both sides of the blind hole.