Key Themes

Key Themes

1. Rising Powers

   • Hegemony
   • Powers
     • Structural
     • Soft
   • NICs
   • Perspectives
     • Neo-liberalism
       • Dominant 70s/80s UK & USA
       • Market-led
       • Buying and selling
       • Limited state
     • Structuralism
       • Post war/50s and 60s
       • State-led
       • re-distribution of wealth
     • Interventionism
       • Blair and Clinton administrations
       • Keynesian ideas
       • State and people led
     • People-centred
       • improve everyone's lot therefore facilitating development
   • Transnational corporations

2. Poverty & livelihoods

   • Agency
     • Robert Nozick/libertarian
   • morbidity
   • mortality
   • multiple deprivations
   • relative
   • low income
     • International poverty line is < $1.25 a day
   • PPP
     • purchasing power parity
   • inequality
     • Lorenz curve
       • graph showing cumulative share of income
     • Gini co-efficient
       • always between 0 and 1. Closer to 1 the higher the inequality. Area between the equality line and the lorenz curve
   • SLA
     • financial capital
       • savings, credits and social funds. also pensions etc
     • natural capital
       • natural resources such as land water biodiversity
     • human capital
       • the knowledge skills and abilities. education training and experience all used to make a living
     • social capital
       • social networks access to local groups and associations
     • physical capital
       • infrastructure such as rds transport, comms and energy etc.
   • Residual
   • Relational

3. Security & vulnerability

   • Fear
   • Security
     • Human security
       • environmental
       • personal
       • political
       • economic
       • health
       • community
   • Roosevelt's 4 Freedoms
     • Freedom of speech & expression Freedom to worship in own way Freedom from fear Freedom from want
   • Beveridge's 5 giant evils
     • Want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness
   • Greed vs Grievance
   • Structural violence
     • "if people are starving when this is objectively avoidable, then violence is committed" Galtung

4. Technology, energy & climate change