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1. Shoulder

   • anatomy
     • shoulder bones
     • muscles
       • rotator cuff
     • vascular supply
     • brachial plexus
   • shoulder joints

2. Injury of the shoulder

   • most common shoulder injuries
     • swimmer's shoulder syndrome (Impingement syndrome)
     • Swimmer's-Shoulder Dislocation Separation Rotator cuff tear Frozen shoulder fracture
   • natural history
     • Result from acute trauma (ACUTE INJURIES) or repetitive stress associated with athletic activities (CHRONIC INJURIES).
   • Physical and clinical examination
     • special tests
     • Inspection Palpation
     • Movement
   • Management
     • PRICE Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression Elevation
   • Treatment for Shoulder Pain
     • Laser Acupuncture
       • cold laser therapy that aids tissue repair. It can be used in both acute & chronic injuries
     • Electrotherapeutic Modalities
       • Uses an energy source to stimulate changes in the tissue. These agents include both electromagnetic and sound waves, in addition to muscle and nerve stimulating currents

3. Sports injuries

   • prevention
     • stretching
       • Improves flexibility and range of motion
   • Types
     • Acute
       • Contact injuries Ligament sprains Muscle strains Dislocations/ sublaxation Fractures Nerve injuries
         • Muscle Strains: Grade I, II, III
     • Chronic
       • Overuse tendon injuries Chronic muscle strains Bursitis, Osteoarthritis Stress fractures
   • Causes of sports injuries
     • Over training
     • Poor preparation& warm up
     • Not using safety precaution

4. joints

   • classified according to
     • connecting structure between the articular surfaces
     • mobility
   • types
     • FIBROUS JOINTS
       • No movements are permitted
       • Sutures of the skull
       • Syndesmosis
       • Gomphosis
     • CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS
     • SYNOVIAL JOINT
   • supported by
     • Bursae
       • Is a lubricating device consisting of a closed fibrous sac filled with a film of viscous fluid.
     • Ligaments
       • bundles of dense regular connective tissue
       • Cartilaginous
       • Elastic
     • Negative intraarticular pressure

5. Burnout

   • Burnout is a phenomenon that happens to an individual who faces a lot of stress (either physically or psychologically) and becomes unable to cope up with this stress which leads to appearance of burnout symptoms.
   • prevent
     • Managing stress.
     • Reevaluating priorities of work (or activity) to know what exactly is wanted

6. Scaling of Pain

   • Single-dimensional scales are useful in acute pains and measure intensity

7. demographic

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