Food tech- Macronutrients

Food tech- Macronutrients

1. Protein

   • Functions
     • Growth of all body cells and tissue.
     • Repair and maintenance of all body tissue.
     • Providing an energy source.
     • Making hormones, enzymes and antibodies.
   • Sources
     • High biological value sources
       • Meat and meat products, e.g. beef, lamb, chicken, pork, bacon, sausages, fish and seafood, e.g. tuna, prawns
       • Milk, yoghurts, cheese
       • Eggs
       • Soya beans and soya products
       • Quinoa, Quorn
     • Low biological value sources
       • Cereals, e.g. wheat, rice, oats, barley
       • Cereal products, e.g. bread, pasta, chapatis
       • Sweetcorn, peas, beans, lentils
       • Nuts and nut products, e.g. peanut butter, seeds

2. Fats

   • Functions
     • Providing us with a concentrated source of energy as 1g of fat provides 9kcals of energy
     • Making all body cells
     • Keeping the body warm, it forms adipose tissue under the skin
     • Protecting vital organs such as the kidneys
     • Providing the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K
     • Providing the essential fatty acids
   • Sources
     • Animal fat sources
       • Butter, ghee, lard, goose fat, suet, dripping
       • Meat products, e.g. sausages, chorizo, burgers, Oily fish, e.g. tuna, salmon
       • Full-fat Greek yoghurts, hard cheese, cream
       • Meat, e.g. beef, lamb, chicken, pork, duck, bacon
       • Chocolate, pastries, biscuits, cakes
       • Eggs
     • Vegetable fat sources
       • Vegetable and plant oils, e.g. olive, sunflower, rapeseed
       • Fat spreads
       • Nuts and nut products, e.g. peanut butter
       • Seeds, e.g. sesame seeds
       • Avocados and olives

3. Carbohydrates

   • Functions
     • Carbohydrates
       • Providing energy
       • Acting as a 'protein sparer'
     • Dietary fibre
       • Providing soluble fibre which can help to reduce cholesterol levels
       • Allowing the digestive system to remain healthy and function properly
       • Preventing some bowel diseases, for example constipation, diverticulitis and bowel cancer
       • Helping weight control as high fibre foods release energy slowly leaving us feeling fuller for longer
   • Sources
     • Sugar
       • Jams
       • Pastries
     • Starches
       • Root vegetables
       • Cereals and cereal products
     • Dietary fibre
       • Soluble fibre
         • Oats, legumes
       • Insoluble fibre
         • Brown rice, wheat bran