internal structure of prokaryotes_2

internal structure of prokaryotes_2

1. plasma membrane

   • function
     • selective permeable barrier
     • synthesizes cell wall components
     • assists in DNA replication
     • carries on respiration
     • captures energy as ATP
   • destruction
     • disinfectant:alcohol and quaternary ammonium compound
       • effect
         • leakage of intracelullar contents
         • plasmolysis:cells shrink
         • lysis:cells burst
   • movement of materials across membrane
     • passive process(molecules moves from area of high concentration to area of low concentration)
       • simple diffusion
         • moves until equilibrium reach
       • facilitated diffusion
         • needs a trasporters
     • active process(energy dependant system)
       • active transport
         • substances are moved by transporters protein from low to high concentration
       • group translocation
         • molecules are chemically modified during passage across cytoplasmic membrane

2. cytoplasm

   • DNA
     • plasmid
       • small circular,double stranded DNA
     • nucleoid
       • single long circular molecule of double stranded DNA
   • ribosome
     • sites of protein synthesis
     • subunit
       • small subunit-30S
       • large subunit-50S
     • each subunit consists of protein and RNA called ribosomal RNA(rRNA)
   • inclusions
     • metochromstic granules
     • polysaccharide granules
     • sulfur granules
     • gas vacuoles
     • magnetosomes
     • lipid inclusions
     • carboxysomes

3. endospore

   • spore is formed within the cell
   • common disease causing bacteria that produce endospore
     • genus bacillus
     • genus clostridium
   • germinating result in becoming a vegetative cell