Constructing the questionnaire

Constructing the questionnaire

1. Close-ended questionnaire items

   • In this case the person that answers the questionnaire has to choose an option of the answers already made (by the other person who developed such instrument) that is similar to the answer he/she would like to give to the question.
   • straightforward , easily to gather database

2. Rating scales

   • In this case you evaluate base on a scale indicating the degree, for example this could be from strongly agree to strongly disagree.
   • this type of questionnaires can be use for evaluating anything the majority of the time
     • The ranging can be from: attributes (frequency / quality), intensity (very much/ not at all), and opinion.
   • example: Evaluating the service of a hotel you stayed at

3. Likert scale

   • simple/ versatile/ reliable
   • These types of instruments consist on a series of statements to which a persona has to point out to what degree does he or she agree or desagree with it.
     • Response options are given a number to be scored, this serves so when the Likert scale has been administered the scores for each item can be summed up.
   • Example: The healthiest people are the Australians. in this case the responder has to point out if he or she desagrees or not and to what extent.
     • Strongly agree / Agree / Neither agree nor desagree / disagree/ strongly desagree
   • should express either a positive or negative attitude

4. semantic differential scales

   • In this instruments participants mark their answers in a continuum that have two adjectives on each side
     • Example: Speaking task in an ESL class are: useless _______________x___ useful
   • Three major factors of meaning
     • Evaluation
       • good-bad
     • potency
       • strength / importance
       • useful/ useless
     • activity
       • active-passive
       • The degree associated with action

5. Numerical rating scales

   • in this case you assign a number to something based on certain characteristics or qualities
   • using a scale from 1 to 10

6. true- false items

7. Multiple-choice items

   • popular in standardized L2 proficiency testing
   • Reader frendly, shorter responses, easier to answer
   • To give an answer participants choose one option from the rest given. There is a statement and the responder will have to choose an option (a) (b) or (c)

8. Rank order items

   • In this instrument there is a list and he participant has to order the items according to his/her preference