Intercellular Communication and Signal Transduction

Intercellular Communication and Signal Transduction

1. Purpose

   • To define the mechanisms that cells, tissues and organisms use to respond to physiological and environmental stimuli
   • Cells respond to environ. signals, toxins & stressors
   • Implications for aspects of human health and disease
     • Development, cytic fibrosis, diabetes, asthma, heart disease, autoimmune disease & cancer
   • Co ordination of var. activities of cells throughout the body depends on ability of cells to communicate with 1 another in order to accomplish life-sustaining and fxns

2. Direct intercellular Communication

   • Gap Juctions
   • Transient Linking of Surface receptors
     • Immune system cells - specialized markers on surface membrane

3. Indirect Intercellular communication

   • Paracrines
   • Hormones
   • Neurohormones
   • Neurotransmitters

4. Signal Transduction

   • Basics
   • Chemically gated receptor channels
   • Receptor enzymes
     • MAP- Kinase Cascade
     • Phosphorylation Of Proteins
   • 2nd messenger pathways via G-protein - coupled receptors
     • Tyrosine Kinase Pathway
     • 1st messenger - Effector protein- 2nd messenger
     • Adenylyl Cyclase -cAMP
     • Guanyl Cyclase - cGMP
     • Phospholipase C

5. Hormonal Communication

   • Lipophillic
     • Thyroid
     • Steroids
   • Hydrophilic
     • Proteins
     • Amines
   • Transportation
   • Mechanism of action
   • Signal Amplification
   • Effects of hormones
   • Cross talk between pathways

6. Non Hormone signalling

   • Cytokines and growth factors
     • TNF- alpha, ILs, IGF
   • Gases
     • NO, CO
   • Lipids
     • Prostaglandins (PGs) - 3 groups

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