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1. Buses are circuits on the motherboard that connect the CPU to other components. It moves instructions and data around the system. The faster the bus, the faster the data is communicated. Motherboard speed id defined by the bus speed.

2. Buses are limited by their width in bits. This tells us how many bits can be sent at once. Eg a 32-bit bus can send 32 bits at once.

   • The FSB contains two type of bus: Address bus and Data bus.
     • Address bus = sends info about where data needs to go by sending an address to memory. It only sends data in one direction from CPU to RAM.
       • Northbridge connects to CPU, RAM and GPU through FSB. Southbridge connects to the northbridge. Hardware like hard drive connects to CPU through southbridge.
         • Memory is where the computer stores or remembers data. It provides the CPU with its instructions. Primary memory - registers, cache, RAM, virtual memory.
     • Data bus = sends data to memory or recieves data from memory. Data can flow both ways along the data bus.
       • Bridges manage how data and instructions are tansferred between the CPU, memory and other devices. Eg northbridge and southbridge are used to connet devices.