Fracture in the arm

Fracture in the arm

1. Anatomy of the arm

   • Arm skeleton
     • Head
     • Shaft
     • Medial and lateral epicondyle
     • Shaft
   • Elbow region
     • Olecranon fossa
     • Trochlea
     • Capitulum
     • Conoid & Radial fossa
   • Compartments
     • Anterior
       • Biceps
       • Coracobrachialis
       • Brachialis
     • Posterior
       • Triceps

2. Nerves of the arm

   • Median N.
   • Ulnar N.
   • Musculocutaneous
   • Radial N.
   • Brachial Plexus
     • Deformities to nerves
       • Axillary: Flat shoulder Radial: Wrist/Finger drop Unlar: Klumpkes paralysis Median: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - MC: Paralysis of all muscles of anterioir compartment
     • Divided into:
       • Roots
       • Trunks
       • Divisions
       • Cords
         • Branches
   • Axillary N.

3. Bone

   • Types
     • Osteoblasts
       • For bone growth
     • Osteoprogenitor cells
       • To make osteocytes
     • Osteoclasts
       • For bone resorption
   • Bone matrix
     • Organic: Osteod
     • Inorganic: calcified
   • Fractures
     • Happens when the bone is twisted, compressed or struck by great force
       • Open
       • Closed
       • Types
         • Linear
         • Transverse
         • Oblique
         • Comminuted
         • Spiral
       • Treatment
         • Operative
           • Reduction followed by casting or splinting
             • It is to restore a fracture or a dislocation tto correct alignment
         • Non-operative
         • Physiotherapy

4. Physical Examination

   • Look
   • Move
     • Active
     • Passive
   • Feel
   • Examination

5. Radiological Imaging

   • CT scan
   • Ultrasound
   • MRI
   • X-RAY

6. First Aid

   • Immobilize area
   • Stop bleeding if any
   • Ice packs

7. Classical Conditioning

   • Exposure therapy
     • exposure of patient to feared object with no danger

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