BAROQUE MUSIC

BAROQUE MUSIC

1. 1600 - 1750

2. The creation of the first opera "Orfeo" of Claudio Monteverdi (1607)

   • He death of Johann Sebastian Bach (1750) and Handel (175 7 ), who will be the undisputed geniuses of this era
     • Historical context
       • Absolute monarchies dominate the political landscape of a Europe and there were a continuing political struggles and wars.
       • The power remains in the hands of the aristocracy and the Church who want to show their authority in organizing big shows that music will always be present.
       • They become patrons of the best artists, who work in the ir large courts and palaces.
     • Cultural context
       • The Baroque is a brilliant period in culture, art and science
       • THE REASON AND FEELING. The reason will be the way f or trying to find the logic and the scientific side of everything
       • Famous people : Lope de Vega, Calderon or Moliere, in the paint will have artists like V elázquez, Murillo, Rubens or Rembrandt, even highlighting scientists like Galileo Galilei and Newton
     • Musical contex
       • This Baroque thought is going to make very clear in the music scene.
       • So in this period musicians search a way for encoding of all musical parameters as a way to organize and rationalize the music
     • • Basic characteristics of Baroque music
         • Instrumental music will be equal to or even superior as vocal music
         • Harmonic system is used
         • Strong rhythm
         • Try to give a dramatic effect, exaggerating the expression by these elements
         • The Baroque composers considered excessive complexity that had come to Renaissance counterpoint , as this could not express any feelings .
         • A bass notes line without interruption from the beginning to the end of the song .
         • Musical life during the Baroque period
           • Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual to another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes and the wealthy have provided to artists such as musicians, painters, and sculptors
           • The professional musicians are only required for social gatherings of a certain size. They were required the mastery of severa
           • Composers are considering from a higher social status. They provide new works for each concert, each party or each church service
           • Concert hall are public concerts are very successful in Europe and allow the expansion of music outside the framework of noble mansions
           • Musical forms
             • Music for solo instruments : the composers started writing thinking specifically about a particular instrument, they chose for their technical qualities and timbre.
             • Chamber music is the name given to the music played by two or more instrumentalists without being a large group.
             • Music of Orchestra : The orchestra is a set for the three instrument families.
             • Main instrumental music forms
               • FUGUE : SMALL SIZE, MAINLY SOLOIST OR SMALL ENSEMBLE, INSTRUMENTAL
               • SONATA : SMALL SIZE, SOLO OR SMALL GROUPS, INSTRUMENTAL
               • SUITE : SMALL SIZE, SOLO OR SMALL ENSEMBLES, INSTRUMENTAL
               • CONCERTO : LARGE DIMENSIONS, ORCHESTRA, INSTRUMENTAL
               • Main vocal forms
                 • • THE OPERA
                     • The baroque orchestra
                       • Instrumental music achieved a definitive independence from vocal music during this period. Musicians composed musics pecifically for instruments and the early instrumental genres began to appear
                   • OTHER SECULAR VOCAL FORMS Zarzuela : Typical Spanish composition. Similar to the op era, so it is a drama, with sung parts but the zarzuela has spoken parts to develop action instead of recitatives. Arguments represented fantastic or mythological.
               • Religious vocal forms
                 • ORATORIO : Religious vocal baroque form, large dimensions, narrative action BUT WITHOUT STAGE PERFORMANCE .
                 • PASSION : Religious vocal baroque form, created in Germany as a counterpart of the Oratory.
                 • CANTATA : Religious vocal baroque form, LARGE DIMENSIONS, composed on a religious text of lyrical involved in solos, chorus and orchestra and consists of arias and recitatives.

3. ·

   • Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Torres 3ºA

4. MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE

   • Johann Sebastian Bach
     • Handel
       • Claudio Monteverdi

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