Self-Awareness

Self-Awareness

1. Types of Self and Identity

   • Tajfel & Turner (1979)
     • Social
     • Personal
   • Brewer & Gardner (1996)
     • Individual
       • "friendly"
     • Relational
       • "mother"
     • Collective
       • "student"
   • Carver & Scheier (1981)
     • Private
       • Thoughts and attitudes
     • Public
       • Social image

2. Chronic Self-Awareness

   • Stressful
   • Avoidance behaviour
     • Drinking
     • Suicide
   • Heightened Private
     • Intense emotion
     • Accurate self perception
     • Adhere to personal beliefs
     • Less stress illnesses
   • Heightened Public
     • Focus on others' perception
     • Nervousness
     • Low self-esteem
     • Adhere to group norms
     • Concern with physical appearnace

3. Reduced Self-Awareness

   • Deindividuation
   • No self-behaviour monitoring
     • Impulsiveness
     • Recklessness

4. Self-Knowledge

   • Self-Schemas
     • Act, think, behave
   • Self-schemetic
     • Important part of self concept
   • Aschematic
     • Not important part of self concept
   • Self-concept
     • Past, present, future
   • Self Motives
     • Self-Assessment
       • Accurate and valid info
       • Seek truth
     • Self-Verification
       • Conform
       • Seek consistency
     • Self-Enhancement
       • Maintain good image
       • Seek favourable info
       • Self-affirmation thoery
       • Self-serving attribution bias
   • Self-Esteem
     • Self-Enhancing Triad
       • + positive adpects
       • + control over events
       • Unrealistc optimism
     • Psychologically Adaptive
       • Low-self esteem associated with mental health issues
     • Social Identity
       • Validating self-concept

5. Self-Maintanence

   • How it Should Be
     • Carver & Scheier (1981, 1998)
       • Control Theory of Self-Regulation
         • Assess whether goals are met
         • Test - operate to change - test - exit
         • Private/public standard
     • Higgins (1987)
       • Self-Discrepancy Theory
         • Actual (present), ideal (like to be), ought (should be)
         • Motivate to change
         • Ideal not reached = dejection
         • Ought not reached = agitation
   • Other Individuals
     • Festinger (1954)
       • Social Comparison Theory
         • Objective benchmark in similar people
         • Upward/downward comparisons
     • Tesser (1998)
       • Self-Evaluation Maintnance
         • Upward social comparison
           • Exaggerate target ability
           • Change target
           • Distance self from target
           • De-value comparison dimension
         • Basking in reflected glory
   • Other Groups
     • Turner et al. (1987)
       • Self Categorisation Theory
         • Internalising group attributes
         • Collective self
         • Meta-contrast principle
         • BIRGing
         • Group cateogirsation salient = self depersonalised
     • Tajfel & Turner (1979)
       • Social Identity Theory
         • Personal Identity
           • Personal attributes
           • Traits
           • Relationships
         • Social Identity
           • Group membership
           • Inter-group behaviour/norms

6. Cultural Differences

   • Individualistic
     • Independent self
     • Autonomous
     • Focus on internal
     • Stable across situations
     • Own goals and differences
   • Collectivist
     • Interdependent self
     • Connected to others
     • Embedded to social context
     • Changing across situations
     • Group goals and harmony