Memory model and STM

Memory model and STM

1. Memory process

2. Dualistic model of memory

   • William James
     • Primary memory (immediate memory) Short term memory (STM)
     • Secondary memory (experienced information not readily accessible)
   • Dualist Models of Memory Waugh & Norman (1965)
     • Primary memory (short term storage system, STS) Secondary memory (longer term storage system, LTS)
     • “Boxes in the head” – memory as a flow chart-like diagram
   • Dualist Models of memory-Waugh & Norman (1965)
     • Memory structures/structural features & control processes Memory structures fixed — control processes vary

3. Cognitive neuroscience and memory

   • H.M. Damage to temporal lobe and hippocampus STM memory seemed intact, but couldn’t bump new information into LTM.
   • could learn implicit perceptual and motor skills and retain that information over time.

4. Working Memory

   • manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning
   • Working memory differs from STM STM is a single component WM consists of multiple parts STM holds information for a brief period of time WM is concerned with the processing and manipulation of information that occurs during complex cognition
   • Baddeley working memory model
     • Phonoogical loop
       • verbal & auditory
     • Visuospatial sketch pad
       • visual & spatial (remembering sizes/shapes/speed/direction etc)
     • Central executive
       • coordinating and controlling attentional activities and govern responses

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