Scientific Method

Scientific Method

1. Definition

   • The scientific method is the method of working based on observation and experimentation, which scientists use to investigate the phenomena produced in nature.

2. Statement of hypothesis

   • A hypothesis is a supposition which attempts to explain an observed phenomenon.

3. Experimentation

   • Experimentation consists of reproducing an observed phenomenon under controlled conditions which can be modified to determine what is happening.

4. Experimentation

   • Experimentation consists of reproducing an observed phenomenon under controlled conditions which can be modified to determine what is happening.

5. Analysis of results

   • Pie Chaart
   • Data Table
   • Bar Chart
   • Graph or representation on coordinate axes

6. Formulation of laws

   • Qualitative law
     • Can be defined through a verbal or written statement, but cannot be expressed numerically.
   • Quantitative law
     • Can be expressed through numbers. Thus, in addition to being defined through a verbal or written statement, it can be represented as a mathematical formula and as a graph.

7. Theories and models

   • A theory is a generalised law which explains a set of facts.
   • A model is a graphical or mental representation which helps us to interpret how something is.

8. The scientific report

   • Acknowledgements
   • References
   • Cover
   • Results and conclusions
   • Procedure
   • Table of contents
   • Materials and products
   • Purpose
   • Summary or abstract

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