Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks

Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks

1. Broadcast Domains

   • Other Devices
   • Services

2. Problems with Large Broadcast Domains

   • Slow network operations due to the significant amount of traffic it can cause
   • Slow device operations because a device must accept and process each broadcast packet

3. Reasons for Subnetting

   • reduces overall network traffic
   • improves network performance
   • enables an administrator to implement security policies

4. Octet Boundaries

5. Subnetting Formulas

   • To calculate the number of subnets that can be created from the bits borrowed use the following formula
   • To calculate the number of hosts that can be supported use the following formula

6. Subnetting Based on Host Requirements

   • There are two considerations when planning subnets:
     • the number of host addresses required for each network
     • the number of individual subnets needed

7. Subnetting Based on Network Requirements

   • Sometimes organizations chooses to separate their network traffic based on internal structure or department setup, this is called subnetting based on Network Requirements

8. Network Requirement Example

   • Network administrators must devise the network addressing scheme to accommodate the maximum number of hosts for each network and the number of subnets.

9. Traditional Subnetting Wastes Addresses

   • Using traditional subnetting, the same number of addresses is allocated for each subnet.

10. Variable Length Subnet Masks

    • each subnet has the same number of available host addresses.

11. VLSM in Practice

    • Using the VLSM subnets, the LAN and WAN segments can be addressed without unnecessary waste.

12. VLSM Chart

    • An addressing chart can be used to identify which blocks of addresses are available for use and which ones are already assigned

13. Network Address Planning

    • Planning network subnets requires examination of both the needs of an organization’s network usage, and how the subnets will be structured.

14. Planning to Address the Network

    • Preventing the duplication of addresses
      • Refers to the fact that each host in an internetwork must have a unique address
    • Providing and controlling acces
      • Means network traffic is examined for source IP addresses that are generating or receiving excessive packets
    • Monitoring security and performance of hosts
      • Refers to the fact that some hosts, such as servers, provide resources to internal hosts as well as to external hosts.

15. Assigning Addresses to Devices

    • End user clients
    • Servers and peripherals
    • Servers that are accessible from the Internet
    • Intermediary devices
    • Gateway

16. Subnetting Using the Subnet ID

    • The 16 bit subnet ID section of the IPv6 global unicast address can be used by an organization to create internal subnets.

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