POPO

POPO

1. CJS STRUCTURE

   • MUNICIPAL, PROVINCIAL, PROVINCIAL SUPERIOR, PROVINCIAL/FED COURTS OF APPEAL, SCC

2. GENERAL

   • 1829 SIR ROBERT PEEL FOR ALL CITIZENS
   • QUEBEC 1600'S, ONTARIO 1800'S
   • 19% OF FEMALE POPO ARE HARASSED BY RCMP

3. LVLS

   • PROVINCIAL: ONTARIO PROVINCIAL POLICE, SURETE DUE QUEBEC, ROYAL NEWFIE CONSTABULARY (RURAL AREAS)
   • RCMP= FEDERAL + UPHOLD FED STATUTES + FULL DISCRETION
   • REGIONAL: SEVERAL INDIVIDUAL POPO (LESS $$$)
     • PEEL REGIONAL IS BIGGEST
   • MUNICIPAL: ENFORCE CRIM CODE, BIGGEST BODY
   • ABORIGINAL POLICING

4. VALUES

   • JUSTICE (MAINTAIN PEACE)
   • EQUALITY
   • ACCOUNTABILITY
     • POLICE ACTS, POLICE STANDARDS, POLICE BOARD OF COMMISSION)
   • EFFICIENCY: COST-EFFECTIVE
   • CRIME CONTROL
   • DISCRETION
     • ON THE SPOT, NOT ALWAYS RIGHT, UNBIASED, MEDIA ETC
   • ORDER MAINTENANCE
   • CRIME PREVENTION

5. INFLUENCING FACTORS

   • DIVERSITY
   • LEGISLATION
   • GEOGRAPHY (ABORIGINAL, SPARSE, HOT SPOTS)
   • CRIME/SOCIAL DISORDER (ABORIGINAL, WEST, PRAIRIES)
   • FUNDING
   • GOVERNMENT
   • COMMUNITY
   • TECHNOLOGY/MEDA
   • DOWNLOADING JOBS

6. JOBS

   • PRIVATE SECURITY INCREASE IN DEMAND (4:1)
     • SELL SERVICES
     • COMPANY EMPLOYED

7. RECRUITMENT

   • 19, CANADIAN, NO CRIME, LIKE POST-SECONDARY, PSYCH TESTS, DIVERSITY (1:5 WOMEN)
   • OPERATIONAL FIELD TRAINING

8. TERMS

   • WORKING PERSONALITY OF POLICE (HOW POP SEE THEMSELVES)
   • BLUE WALL (POPO SOLIDARITY)
   • BLUE LIGHT SYNDROME: POPO ARE CONSERVATIVE
   • PROFESSIONAL POLICING MODEL: PARA-MILITARY (THIN BLUE LINE)
     • EVERYTHING IS PROPERTY OF POPO
   • COMMUNITY POLICING MODEL: BROAD BLUE LINE
     • UTILIZE COMMUNITY RESOURCES
   • TYPIFICATIONS: ACTS BASED ON POPO'S EXPERIENCE
   • RECIPE FOR ACTIONS: ACTIONS TYPICALLY TAKEN BY POPO

9. LVLS OF RESPONSE: POPP

   • 1: PRESENCE
   • 2: TACTICAL COMMUNICATION
   • 3: EMPTY HAND COMPLIANCE
   • 4: AEROSOL IRRITANTS
   • 5: EMPTY HAND IMPACT
   • 6: IMPACT WEAPONS

10. LVLS OF RESPONSE: CRIMINAL

    • 1: NONVERBAL INTIMIDATION
    • 2: VERBAL NONCOMPLIANCE
    • 3: PASSIVE RESISTANCE
    • 4: DEFENSIVE RESISTANCE
    • 5: ACTIVE AGGRESSION
    • 6: DEADLY FORCE ASSAULT
    • USUALLY SUICIDE BY COP, MENTAL ILLNESS, IRRATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

11. SHADY

    • NOT ILLEGAL SEARCH AND SEIZURE
    • NO ENTRAPMENT
    • USE OF FORCE AS "LAST OPTION"
    • REMAIN SILENT
    • ONE-PLUS-ONE (DONT BRING A KNIFE TO A GUN FIGHT)

12. FACTORS INFLUENCING DISCRETION

    • POLICING TASK ENVIORNMENT
    • INDIVIDUAL POLICE OFFICER
    • COMPLAINANT PREFERENCES
    • SERIOUSNESS OF OFFENCE
    • VISIBILITY OF DECISION (MEDIA)
    • PRIORITIES

13. RACIST

    • DISCRIMINATION (RACE > INDIVIDUAL)
    • BIAS FREE POLICING
    • RACIAL PROFILING (TARGETING) 9/11
    • DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT VS DIFFERENTIAL INVOLVEMENT

14. WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS

    • EYEWITNESS ERROR (UNCONSCIOUS TRANSFERENCE, CONFIDENCE IS MALLEABLE)
    • ERRONEUS FORENSICS
    • FALSE CONFESSIONS (JAILED INFORMANTS), COERCED VS VOLUNTARY
    • TUNNEL VISION OF COPS
    • RACIAL BIAS, HIGH PROFILE CASES, EVIDENCE IS UNRELIABLE
    • EFFECTS OF WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS
      • IDENTITY
      • SOCIAL/ WORK LIFE
      • FAMILY