Written Language_1

Written Language_1

1. FATP

   • Form: what is the text?
   • Purpose: does it advise? inform? persuade? entertain or instruct?
   • Audience: who is the text aimed at?
   • Topic: what is the text about?

2. GRAPHOLOGY

   • font type and size and style
   • organisation of the text:n headings, bullet points and paragraph sizes
   • colour, photos, diagrams and logos
   • GRAPHEME
     • smallest meaningful contrastive unit in a writing system.

3. PHONOLOGY

   • PHONEME
     • smallest unit of sound
   • constanants and vowels
   • syllables
   • prosodic features: volume, stress, pitch and tempo
   • literary and rhetorical devices: rhyme, alliteration, onomatopoeia and repetition
   • elision: miss out a sound - 'n'
     • intrusion: insert a new sound
   • non standard spellings involved in accents- 'alreet'

4. Lexis

   • deontation: factual or objective
   • level of formality
   • connotation: personal or subjective
   • choice of lexis: taboo, slang, archaic ( not used anymore) or figures of speech
   • dialect, sociolect or idiolect
   • semantic fields
   • collocations: two/ more words commonly found together
   • type of meaning: positive or negative
   • figurative speech: metaphor/ simile
   • contrast in meaning
   • word formation : acronym, abbreviation

5. GRAMMAR

   • sentence type: declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamitive
   • sentence structure: minor, simple, compound and compex
     • embedded clauses: insert a phrase into a sentence
   • verbs: main/auxiliary
     • adverbs
   • nouns: abstract or concrete
     • pronouns
   • adjectives: comparitive or superlative
   • function words: conjunctions, prepositions and determiners
   • tag questions
   • parallel syntax: refer to grammar- change word
   • deixis: deictic markers- here/ there, these/those
   • standard vs non standard forms

6. PRAGMATICS

   • implied meaning: meanings above/ below the more obvious ones
   • explanation of why the speaker/ writer made that langauge choice int he context
   • social/ culuture considerations
   • intertextuality/culutral allusions
   • politeness
     • positive and negative face
   • ideology: assumptions
   • Grices maxims and Accomodation theory

7. DISCOURSE

   • genre/ text type
   • context
   • mode
   • speakers' roles/ narrative viewpoint
   • shared knowledge
   • register
   • features of speech
   • management of discourse by speakers
   • cohesion
   • Labov's oral narrative structure
   • formulaic structure