Identity Group & Intergroup Encounters

Identity Group & Intergroup Encounters

1. SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY

   • We favorite IN-GROUP encounters & differentiate OUT-GROUP ones
     • Positive perception of in-group attributes
   • We improve our membership self-image by:
     • Enhancing in-group IDENTITY
     • Strengthening personal IDENTITY
   • Essential self & in-group relationshiph characteristics
     • LOYALTY
     • PREFERENCE

2. BOUNDARY-REGULATION APPROACH

   • Intergroup encounters cause anxiety & awkardness
   • Helps for feeling secure, included & connected

3. SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION

   • Helps us manage the chaotic environment
     • We frame our expectitation to make our world more PREDICTABLE
   • Lx categories also impact the creation of social boundaries
   • Leads us to EXPECT & GIVE MEANING to others' behavior
     • STEREOTYPES
   • Influences membership categories

4. SOCIAL COMPARISON

   • LATERAL COMPARISON
     • Comparing one's identity group to others' "at the same level"
   • DOWNWARD COMPARISON
     • Comparing one's identity group to less powerful ones.
   • We seek a POSITIVE social identity in social comparison
   • Through comparisson, the VALUE of our identity arises
   • UPWARD COMPARISON
     • Comparing one's identity group to less powerful ones
   • The need for POSITIVE social identity makes us compare to others

5. INTERGROUP ATTRIBUTION THEORY

   • Directly affects how relationships are formed
   • How members of ≠ social groups explain behavior and its outcomes
   • Particularly reflective of individualistic western cultures
     • Individualists tend to use DISPOSITIONAL ATTRIBUTIONS to explain the social world

6. ATTRIBUTION THEORY

   • BIASES
     • Overestimation
       • When we behave negatively, we protect our social & personal identities by giving jutifiable causes
         • We tend to be more severe when explaining a stranger's negative behavior
     • Principle of Negativity
       • We emhasize more on negative info. concerning out-group individuals
         • Negative stereotypes justify perception of an IDENTITY THREAT
     • Using ≠ Tyoes of Attribution
       • Attributions for own behavior vs. a stranger's
         • We give positive reasons to desireable events that ADVOCATE our self-image
           • POSITIVE SELFF-SERVING BIAS
             • More common in INDIVIDUALISTIC cultures
   • Comes from the theory that every individual in a "naive psychologist with IMPLICIT assumptions, beliefs and social categorization"
     • We us such assumptions & social categories to explain what happens around us

7. "An intergroup encounter can be and INFORMATIVE, CULTURAL LEARNING journey - if both parties are wiling to open their eyes, ears and mindsets"

8. Ting-Toomey, S. (1999). Identity Contact and Intergroup Encounters. Communication Across Cultures. (pp. 145-155): New York: The Guilford Press.

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