Refining petroleum

Refining petroleum

1. fractional ditillation

   • two opposite process
     • evaporation
     • condensation
   • fractions
     • trends/properties (from lower to higher fraction)
       • higher boiling point
       • less volatile
         • volatile: how easily evaporates
       • less flammable
         • flammable: how easily catches fire
       • more viscous
         • viscousity: resistance to flow
       • longer chain of molecules
     • groups of compounds having similar boiling point
   • petroleum refinery
     • refinery gas
     • gasoline (petrol)
     • naptha
     • paraffin (kerosene)
     • diesel oil (gas oil)
     • fuel oil
     • lubricating fraction
     • bitumen
     • source: crude oil
   • different compounds have different boiling point
   • compounds with least boiling point evaporates first