cyber security

cyber security

1. key terms

   • threat
     • internal threat
       • caused by an incident inside an organisation
     • external threat
       • caused outside the organisation
     • A threat is an incident or an action which is deliberate or unintended that results in disruption, down time or data loss.
   • attack
     • An attack is a deliberate action, targeting an organisation’s digital system or data.
   • unauthorised access
     • This refers to someone gaining entry without permission to an organisation’s system, software or data. This achieved by exploiting a security vulnerability

2. hackers

   • is someone who seeks out and exploits these vulnerabilities.
   • black hat hackers
     • is someone who tries to inflict damage by compromising security systems
   • GREY HAT HACKER
     • is someone who does it for fun and not with malicious intent
   • WHITE HAT HACKER
     • is someone who works with organizations to strengthen the security of a system

3. malware

   • Trojan Horse
     • Users are tricked into downloading it to their computer. Once installed the Trojan works undercover to carry out a predetermined task.
   • Rootkit
     • Designed to remotely access and control a computer system without being detected by security software or the user.
   • Ransomware
     • Encrypts files stored on a computer to extort/demand or steal money from organisations.
   • Spyware
     • Is secretly installed to collect information from someone else's computer
   • Keyloggers
     • spyware that records every keystroke made on a computer to steal personal information
   • Adware
     • Automatically shows adverts such as popups.

4. social engineering

   • is a set of methods used by cybercriminals to deceive individuals into handing over information that they can use for fraudulent purposes
   • Shoulder Surfing/Shouldering
     • It involves the attacker watching the victim while they provide sensitive information
   • Phishing
     • is an attack in which the victim receives an email disguised to look as if it has come from a reputable source
   • Pharming
     • is when a victim redirects the user from a genuine website to a fake one.
   • Blagging
     • is an attack in which the perpetrator invents a scenario in order to convince the victim to give them data or money.
   • Tailgating
     • Trying to gain access to a secure room or building.
   • Baiting
     • Cyber criminals make a promise of goods to get the information that they need.
   • Quid Pro Quo
     • Cyber criminals make a promise of a service to get the information that they need.