Endogenous

Endogenous

1. Faulting

   • Planar or gently curved fracture in the rocks of the Earth's crust, where the compressional or tensional forces cause relative displacement of the rocks

2. Earthquake:

   • Vibration or oscillation of the surface of the earth caused by sudden release of enormous pressure

3. Landslide:

   • Wide range of ground movements such as rock fall, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments

4. Diastrophism:

   • Also called tectonism, large-scale deformation of earth's crust by natural processes
   • Leads to the formation of continents and ocean basins, mountain systems, plateaus, rift valleys, and other features by mechanisms such as plate movement, volcanic loading, or folding

5. Metamorphism:

   • Change in rock structure, minerals or geologic structure
   • Occurs due to heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids
   • Change in the physical structure of rock as a result of long-term heat, pressure and introduction of chemically active fluids, especially a change that increases the rock's hardness and crystalline structure

6. Folding

   • Undulation or waves in the stratified rocks of the Earth's crust
   • When one or a mass of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of permanent deformation