Morphology

Morphology

1. Part of linguistics that studies the rules that govern the inflection, composition and derivation of words.

   • And then, what are the words?
     • The term word comes from the Latin parabola and expresses one of the most essential elements in any language; it is a functional fragment of an expression, delimited by pauses and accents.
       • These contain morphemes
         • Morphemes are comprised of two separate classes called (a) bases (or roots) and (b) affixes. A "base," or "root" is a morpheme in a word that gives the word its principle meaning. An example of a "free base" morpheme is woman in the word womanly. An example of a "bound base" morpheme is -sent in the word dissent.
         • Morphemes also have classifications, these are:
           • Free and Bound Morphemes
             • • A morpheme that can appear as a word by itself is called free. Examples: house (house-s), walk (walk-ed), of, the, or.
               • • A morpheme that only appears as part of a larger word is called bound. Examples: -s (dog-s), -ly (quick-ly), -ed (walk-ed)
             • Roots and Affixes
               • • The nucleus of a word that affixes attach to is called the root. – In English, roots generally are free morphemes, but this is not necessarily. Some words (compounds) contain more than one root: home-work..
                 • • Affixes are always bound morphemes: (6) a. prefixes: un-happy, re-write, pre-view b. suffixes: writ-ing, quick-ly, neighbor-hood c. infixes (very rare in English): abso-bloody-lutely
       • Words have classifications, these are:
         • -Simple words: don't have internal structure. For example: work and run. -Complex Words: have internal structure. For example: worker.

2. What is the difference of a morpheme and a word?

   • Morpheme is the part of the word that varies. It is what is added to the root of the word, to complete its meaning and form new words. That is, the morpheme is the variation of the word that already exists.

3. What is a grammatical category?

   • Grammatical category (part of the sentence or morphosyntactic category) is an old classification of words according to their type.
   • The names of the grammatical categories are: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions and articles.
     • Verbs: run. Adjectives: happy. Nouns: dog. Adverbs: slowly. Prepositions: on. Conjuntions: and. Articles: the. Prononouns: me.
     • Examples of morphological analysis:

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