Referencing in action: example references

Referencing in action: example references

1. Cartographic material: maps and atlases

   • If there is any named , illustrator or photographer, start with this, if not start with the title of the item.
     • Atlases
       • Atlas of the world (12th ed.). (2004). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     • Maps
       • Name of originators
         • Year of publication
           • Title of map (in italics or underlined)
             • Sheet number and scale
               • Series, and place of publication

2. Graphs and charts

   • Cite and reference all sources used to construct graphs, tables and charts.

3. Visual art and graphics

   • Photographs
     • Name of photographer
       • Year photograph taken
         • Title of photograph
           • Enclose this description in square brackets, e.g. [Photograph]
             • Name of publisher
   • Book illustration
     • Name of the artist
       • Date work originally completed
         • Title of plate
           • Title of book and when published
             • Where published, and publisher

4. AUDIO-VISUAL sources

   • Radio and television
     • Writer of programme, producer of programme
       • Title of the programme
         • Name of the radio or television network
           • Place of broadcast and transmission date

5. Public performances and Events

   • Play
     • Start with the name of the playwright, then state year of publication, title of play (in italics or underlined).
       • Include details of the Act, Scene and/or page number, and publisher information
   • Dance
     • Title in italics or underlined
       • Details of medium
         • Year of production
           • Name of dance troop or company and Place of company base

6. Parliamentary publications

   • Categories
     • Parliamentary business
     • Parliamentary papers
     • Records of debates
     • Acts of Parliament

7. Legal documents

   • Students on law degree or related courses will learn a referencing style that is particular to this subject, which is usually the Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA)

8. Standards and patents

   • The full reference should include:
     • The number and year of standard
     • Year of republishing, if applicable
     • Title of Standard, in italics or underlined
     • Place of publication, and name of publisher

9. Course manuals and lecture notes

   • Name of the lecturer
   • Year of lecture
   • Title of lecture or course notes.
   • Title of course or module
   • Level (undergraduate or postgraduate)
   • Name of institution, department or schoolName of institution, department or school

10. Unpublished work

    • Dissertations • Papers presented at conferences and seminars • Manuscripts and other documents in libraries and archives • Personal correspondence, if relevant to make particular points • Minutes of meetings.

11. P Referencing course lectures

    • • Name of lecturer • Year • Medium (lecture) and details of lecture, e.g. title or topic • Module and course details, including academic year • Place and name of institution • Date of lecture
      • APA: Neville, C. (2005, November 25) Lecture on academic writing. Self-development module. First year undergraduate course 2005/6. Bradford: University of Bradford.

12. Q Interviews and discussions, including telephone conversations

    • Name of person interviewed (last or family name first, then initials) • Year of interview Title of interview • Explanation of interview • Interviewer’s name • Title of publication (in italics or underlined) • Publication details, including full date and page number.
      • Harvard: TURNER, N. (2005). Turner’s secret: the short-haul factor. Interview with Nigel Turner, BMI’s new CEO, by Ben Flanagan. The Observer (Business Section), 22 May 2005, p.18.

13. Miscellaneous sources

    • Harvard: BRUCH, Max. Concerto in G Minor, Op. 26 (1867). New York: G. Schirmer. (n.d.).

14. Referencing electronic sources

    • Originator
    • Year of origin
    • Title of work consulted
    • Type of medium
    • Publisher and place of publication
    • Date of publication
    • Online address or location within portable database

15. Books

    • Name(s) of author(s) or originator(s)
    • The year of publication
    • Main title of the book
    • Name (s) of editor(s)
    • State edition
    • Place of publication and publisher
    • Page number or other numeration

16. Pamphlets, booklets, brochures and leaflet

    • Name(s) of author(s) or originator(s). if no author’s name is shown, either start with the name of the organisation producing the booklet, or if that is not obvious, the title of it
    • Year of publication, and edition, if applicable.
    • State the medium, if not obvious, e.g. [Leaflet].
    • Title, in italics or underlined. • Editor(s), if applicable: (indicated Ed./Eds.). • Place of publication and publisher. • Page number or other numeration, if applicable.

17. Journals, magazines and newspapers

    • • Name of writer • Title of article
    • • Name of journal, in italics or underlined
    • • Volume and issue number (if applicable) and page numbers. If it is a special edition or supplement to a journal.

18. Occasional papers and reports

    • • Author’s name/organization • Year of publication
    • • Full title of report, in italics or underlined • Subsection or subtitle information and edition number • Place of publication • Name of publisher or originating organization • Volume, sections, page number(s).

19. Government publications (non-parliamentary)

    • • Name of author(s) or name of government department or agency • Year of publication • Title of article or the title of publication, in italics or underlined • Place of publication and name of official publisher • Volume or edition date number, table or page number, if applicable.