HUMERUS

HUMERUS

1. ANATOMY

   • BONE
   • COMPARTMENTS
     • Anterior Muscles (flexor)
     • Posterior Muscles (extensor)
   • BLOOD SUPPLY
     • Brachial artery
   • DERMATOME
     • area of skin that's supplied by a single spinal nerve.

2. OSSIFICATION (bone formation)

   • Endochondral
   • other type: INTRAMEMBRANOUS
     • formation of the flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles.

3. FRACTURES

   • TYPES
     • OPEN (compound)
       • bone pokes through the skin/ deep wound exposes the bone through the skin
     • CLOSED
       • skin is intact
   • HEALING
     • FACTORS AFFECTING HEALING
       • LOCAL
         • Energy of trauma - Degree of bone loss - Vascular injury - Infection - Type of bone fractured - Degree of immobilization - Pathological condition
       • SYSTEMIC
         • Age - Hormones - Functional activity - Nerve function - Nutrition - Drugs - (NSAID)
   • CAUSES
     • Accidents
       • high-impact collision
       • fall on outstretched arm
       • trauma (blow/injury)
     • Pathologic
       • osteoporosis
       • bone infection
       • osteosarcoma
       • bone cysts
   • FIRST AID
   • TREATMENT
     • OPERATIVE (surgery)
     • NON-OPERATIVE
       • very useful if the injury doesn’t require surgical treatment.
   • SYMPTOMS
     • bleeding (compound)
     • swelling and bruising
     • deformity
     • pain
     • inability to move shoulder

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