Structure of a Neuron

Structure of a Neuron

1. Cell body/soma- contains the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria

   • Nucleus- contains chromosomes
   • Ribosomes- cell synthesizes new protein molecules
   • Mitochondria- performs metabolic activities to provide energy

2. Dendrites- branching fibers lined with synaptic receptors

   • Dendritic spines- short outgrowths that increase surface area

3. Axon- the fiber of constant diameter. Conveys an impulse towards other neurons, organs and muscles

   • Myelin sheath- insulates the axon to speed up impulse
     • Nodes of Ranvier- interruptions along the myelin sheath

4. Presynaptic Terminal- branches at the end of an axon that swell at the tip. Point at which axon releases chemicals that cross the junction between neurons

   • Apical dendrites- go up and down between
   • Basal dendrites- go left and right withing

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