Major Structures of the Brain

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Behavioural Neuroscience Mind Map on Major Structures of the Brain, created by lynda_ashford_25 on 21/10/2013.
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Mind Map by lynda_ashford_25, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lynda_ashford_25 over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Major Structures of the Brain
  1. Hindbrain- posterior part of the brain. Certain structures constitute the brainstem.
    1. Medulla- controls vital reflexes through the cranial nerves.
      1. Damage is fatal
      2. Pons- contains nuclei for several cranial nerves. Known as a bridge as the axons from one side of the brain crosses to the other in the spinal cord via the pons.
        1. Cerebellum- a large hindbrain structure. Contributes to controlling of movements.
          1. Damage leads to problems shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli
        2. Midbrain- middle of the brain. The roof of this section is known as the tectum.
          1. Superior/inferior colliculus- swellings on each side of the tectum. Important for sensory processing.
            1. Superior- visual processing
              1. Inferior- sensory processing
              2. Tegmentum- under the tectum and is the intermediate level of the midbrain. Includes the nuclei for the third and fourth cranial nerves.
                1. Substantia nigra- gives rise to a dopamine containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement.
                2. Forebrain- most prominent part of the brain that consists of two hemispheres that receive information and control muscles on the contralateral side
                  1. Cerebral cortex- outer portion which contains strucutres such as the thalamus, basal ganglia and the limbic system.
                    1. Limbic system- forms the border around the brainstem. Includes olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.
                      1. Hypothalamus- conveys messages to the pituitary gland altering it's release of hormones.
                        1. Damage leads to abnormalities in motivated behaviours
                          1. Pituitary gland- endocrine (hormone producing) gland at the base of the hypothalamus.
                          2. Hippocampus- stores certain kinds of memories (especially individual memories)
                            1. Damage leads to troubles storing new memories. Do not lose previous memories.
                          3. Thalamus- main source of input to the cerebral cortex. Most sensory information goes first into the thalamus where it is processed and sends cerebral output.
                            1. Basal ganglia- group of subcortical structures including the caudate nucles, putamen and globus pallidus. Are critical for movement, learning and remembering.
                              1. Damage can lead to Parkinson's disease
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