VERBALS

VERBALS

1. INFINITIVES

   • Infinitives can act as a nouns, adjectives and adverbs, also they can perform differents roles for example: indirect objects and genitives.
     • EXAMPLES
       • INFINITIVES AS A NOUN----- To dance here is amazing.
         • INFINITIVES AS AN ADJECTIVE----The theatre is the place to go.
           • INFINITIVE AS AN ADVERB----It is good to know that you can cook as well.

2. GERUNDS

   • Gerunds are noun equivalents, and as such they may take the role nouns do.
     • GERUND AS A NOUN---- Cooking is fun with friends.

3. PRESENT PARTICIPLES

   • Present participles show ongoing actions; for this to happen, it is necessary that the present participle act together with the verb to be where to be is an auxiliary verb.
     • Maria was trying to do a cake.
   • Present Participles can also be adjectives; these can appear in the attributive or in the predicative position.
     • EXAMPLE
       • Exciting movies are comming next month.

4. PAST PARTICIPLE

   • Past Participles can be found as part of passive voice or perfective forms. In these cases they are accompanied by a form of a verb to be, and in perfective forms, it is accompanied by a form of the auxiliary verb have.
     • EXAMPLE
       • Nayid has donated a lot of computers to the students.
   • PAST PARTICIPLE AS AN ADJECTIVES
     • Past Participles can be found as part of passive voice or perfective forms. In these cases they are accompanied by a form of a verb to be, and in perfective forms, it is accompanied by a form of the auxiliary verb have.
       • EXAMPLE
         • Luis was so exhausted after work. He only wants to sleep.

5. VERBAL PHRASE

   • VERBAL + ADVERB
     • EXAMPLES
       • INFINITIVE + ADVERB -To cook constantly. GERUND + ADVERB -Drining easily.
   • VERBAL +A COMBINATION OF PREVIOUS CASES
     • EXAMPLES
       • To drive fast on the street is dangerous. Eating fast at night is bad for healt.
   • VERBAL + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
     • EXAMPLES
       • INFINITIVE + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE - To come on time. GERUND + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE -singing in from of my friends.
   • VERBAL +OBJECT
     • EXAMPLES
       • GERUND + OBJECT - Baking a big cake.
   • PRESENT PARTICIPLE PHRASES
     • EXAMPLE
       • The movie was truly exciting. (present participle phrase including an adverb) Exhausting for give the gift to my mom. (present participle phrase including a prepositional phrase)
   • PAST PARTICIPLE PHRASE
     • EXAMPLE
       • Excited about doing housework.

6. INFINITIVES vs GERUNDS

   • There are similarities and differences, some of them are
     • SIMILARITIES
       • -Infinitives and Gerunds can act as a noun.
         • -Infinitives an Gerunds have the same functions that nouns.
           • -Infinitives and Gerunds can be the subject of a sentences.
     • DIFFERENCES
       • -Only an infinitive can be an adjective and adverb.
         • -The difference between gerund and infinitive is personal experience, When we are refering to a personal experience we use a gerund and we use an infinitive when we cannot draw a personal experience.
   • LIST OF VERBS THAT CAN BE FOLLOWED BY GERUND OR INFINITIVE
     • Begin Bother Can´t bear Can´t stand Cotinue Hate Like Loathe Love Prefer Propose Start
     • LIST OF VERB THAT IS USABLE AFTER THE VERB, BUT THE MEANING CHANGES
       • Forget, Regret, Remember. When we use a gerund they refer to semething that happening before, like an experience, and when we this verbs are used with an infinitive it refers to semething that happens at or after a certain time, like without an experience before.
         • EXAMPLES
           • I will never forget going to Canada. (I went to Canada and I still remember that) Do not forget to call your mom at 6:00 pm.(I am remember you to do this)
       • Mean, Try, Stop, Help.
         • EXAMPLES
           • I stopped drinking soda.(I finish an action) I was doing my homework, and I stopped to call my mom.(the action was interrupt)