RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1. MAIN FUNCTIONS

   • PROVIDE OXYGEN TO CELLS
   • ELIMINATE CARBON DIOXIDE
   • WORKS CLOSELY WITH CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM TO ACCOMPLISH GAS EXCHANGE
   • EXTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS BETWEEN ATMOSPHERE AND BLOOD
   • EXTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS BETWEEN ATMOSPHERE AND BLOOD

2. Upper Respiratory Passageways

   • NASOPHARYNX (UPPER) OROPHARYNX (MIDDLE) LARYNGOPHARYNX (LOWER)

3. Lower Respiratory Passageways

   • Larynx contains vocal folds (allow speech)
   • Trachea is a tube with C-shaped cartilage rings
   • Bronchial system consists of bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

4. Lungs

   • Right is larger and has three lobes.
   • Left has two lobes

5. Roots

   • nas=nose
   • rhin=nose
   • pharyng=pharynx
   • laryng=larynx
   • tracheo=trachea
   • bronch=bronchus
   • bronchiol=bronchiole
   • phren=diaphragm
   • pleur=pleura
   • pulm=lung
   • pneum=air,gas
   • spir=breathing

6. BREATHING-VENTILATION

   • inspiration
     • PHRENIC NERVE STIMULATES DIAPHRAGM TO CONTRACT AND FLATTEN
       • CHEST CAVITY ENLARGES
         • CHANGE IN PRESSURE CAUSES AIR TO BE PULLED IN
   • Expiration
     • BREATHING MUSCLES RELAX
       • LUNGS RETURN TO ORIGINAL SIZE
         • LUNGS RETURN TO ORIGINAL SIZE

7. Gas Transport

   • Oxygen in blood
     • Attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells Released to cells as needed
   • Carbon dioxide mostly as carbonic acid
     • Amount formed regulates blood pH

8. Suffixes

   • pnea=breathing
   • capnia= level of C02
   • oxia=level of oxygen
   • phonia= voice

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