"Fracture in the Arm"

"Fracture in the Arm"

1. First AID for MSK Injuries

   • Immobilization
     • If the lower-arm is fractured, keep the wrist and elbow joints motionless
     • If the upper-arm is fractured, keep the shoulder and elbow joints motionless.
     • If the lower-leg is fractured, keep the knee and ankle joints motionless
     • If the upper-leg is fractured, keep the knee and femoral joints motionless.

2. Anatomy of the ARM

   • Humerus: anterior side: right
   • Muscles
   • Nerves
     • Nerves in the arm
       • Nerves in the anterior compartment
       • Radial Nerve VS Ulnar Nerve

3. Neurological Examination

   • Mental status
   • Cranial nerves
   • Motor system
   • When is it done?
     • During a routine physical
     • Following a trauma
     • Injury to the head, neck, or back
   • Neurological management of BACK SPLINT
     • Benefits of using a back splint
       • Immobilize injured areas to assist with recovery
       • Reduces pain
       • Improves posture
       • Back splint for wrist drop

4. Structure of Bone & Types of Fractures

   • Macroscopic structure of a bone
   • Microscopic structure of the bone
     • Bone cells
     • Matrix
     • Periosteum
     • Ossification Process
   • Transverse
     • Spiral
       • Oblique
         • Comminuted fracture
   • Treatment Modalities of Fractures
     • immobilization
     • reduction
       • Closed reduction (non-operative)
       • Open reduction (operative)
     • classical & Operant CONDITIONING
   • Bone Healing Stages & Process
     • Primary healing
       • occurs without formation of callus and is aided by reduction, immobilization, and rehabilitation
     • Secondary
       • 4 stages: Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, and bone remodeling

5. Metabolism of CALCIUM

   • The 3 hormonal principles of calcium regulation
     • Vitamin D
     • PTH
     • Calcitonin

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