Fatimah’s Soft Bones

Fatimah’s Soft Bones

1. Anatomy of the Hip

   • Bones
     • HIP Bone
       • Medial
       • Lateral
     • Proximal femur
   • Ligaments
   • Nerves
   • Muscles
     • Superfcial
       • Gluteus Maximus
       • Gluteus Medius
       • Gluteus Minimus
     • Deep
       • Quadratus Femoris
       • Piriformis
       • Gemellus Superior
       • Gemellus Inferior
       • Obturator Internus

2. Calcium

   • Metabolism
   • role
     • muscle contraction
     • Nerve conduction
     • Hormonal release
     • Blood clotting

3. Sedentary Lifestyle

   • individual does not receive regular amounts of physical activity
   • 60-85% of population worldwide
   • Health risks
     • increase risks of cancers
     • anxiety
     • depression
     • heart disease
     • obesity
     • decrease muscle mass

4. bone pain

   • Causes
     • Injury
     • Mineral deficiency
     • Metastatic cancer
     • Bone cancer
     • Infection
     • Leukemia

5. Osteoporosis

   • Loss of organic and inorganic bone
     • Decrese
       • bone mass and density
       • thickness of cortical and trabecular bone
   • Types
     • Primary
       • type I
       • senile type
     • Secondary
   • Clinical findings
     • Compression fractures of vertebra
     • Dowager’s hump
     • Colles fracture of radius
   • Prevention
     • calcium and vitamin D supplements
     • no smoking
     • Weight lifting
   • Treatments
     • Bisphosphates
     • Estrogen replacement therapy
     • Calcitonin
     • Denosumab
     • Teriparatide

6. Hip fractures

   • break in upper quarter of femur
   • Causes
     • Falls
     • Obesity
     • Blunt trauma
     • osteoporosis
   • Symptoms
     • Pain
     • discomfort
     • shorter leg
     • Stiffness
   • Examination
     • X-ray
     • MRI
   • Others
     • Treatment
       • Casting
       • Surgery
       • Medication
       • Rehabilitation
       • Arthroplasty
       • Fixation
     • Complications
       • Nonunion
       • Malunion
       • Avascular necrosis
       • Mental deterioration
     • risk factors
       • Old Age
       • Sex
       • Chronic medical conditions
       • Physical inactivity

7. Psychological problems in elderly

   • INSOMNIA
   • DEMENTIA
   • DEPRESSION
   • AMNESIA

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