Environmental Chemistry

Environmental Chemistry

1. Pollutant

   • Primary
     • Carbon Monoxide
       • Lean-Burn Engines
       • Catalytic Converters
       • Thermal Converters
     • Nitrogen Oxides
       • Lean-Burn Engines
       • Three-Way Catalytic Converters
       • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
     • Sulfur Dioxide
       • Control
         • Pre-combustion
           • Crush and wash coal
         • Post-combustion
           • Alkaline Scrubbing
           • Fluidized-bed Combustion
           • Low-sulfur content coal
   • Secondary
     • Nitrogen Dioxide
     • Sulfur Dioxide/Trioxide

2. Particulates

   • Aerosol
   • Control
     • Gravitational Settling
     • Filtration
     • Centrifugal Separation
     • Settling Tanks
     • Electrostatic Precipitation
     • Wet scrubbers, Cyclone separators
   • Lower T

3. Volatile Organic Compounds

   • Control
     • Oxidation Catalytic Converter
     • Thermal Exhaust Reactors

4. Smog

   • Photochemical
     • Nitrogen Monoxide
     • Nitrogen Dioxide
     • Ozone
     • Hydrocarbon Radicals
     • Aldehydes
     • Nitric Acid
     • Peroxyacylnitrates
   • 'Pea Soup'
   • Thermal Inversions

5. Acid Deposition

   • Wet Deposition
     • Acid Rain
       • Formation
         • Nitric Acid
         • Sulfuric Acid
         • Ammonia
   • Dry Deposition
   • Effects
     • Materials
       • Marble, Limestone
       • Metals
     • Plant Life
     • Water
     • Human Health
   • Control
     • Reduce NO/SO
     • Alternative Energy Sources
     • Neutralize Lakes

6. Greenhouse Effect

   • Greenhouse Factor
   • Gases
     • Water
     • Carbon Dioxide
     • Methane
     • CFCs
     • Ozone
     • Dinitrogen Oxide
     • Sulfur Hexafluoride
   • Effects
     • Agriculture
     • Biodistribution
     • Sea-Level

7. Ozone Depletion

   • Atmosphere
     • Mesosphere
     • Stratosphere
       • Oxygen Gas
       • Ozone
     • Troposphere
   • Steady State
   • Nitrogen Oxides, CFCs
     • Alternatives to CFCs
       • Hydrocarbons
       • Fluorocarbons
       • Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
       • Hydrofluorocarbons
   • Effect: Less UV protection
   • Polar Regions

8. Dissolved Oxygen in Water

   • BOD
     • Water Quality
     • Measurement
   • Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Decay
   • Eutrophication
     • Ion Exchange
     • Reverse Osmosis
   • Thermal Pollution

9. Water Treatment

   • Pollutants
     • Nitrate
     • Heavy Metals
       • Mercury
       • Lead
       • Cadmium
     • Pesticides
       • DDT
       • Dioxins
     • Polychlorinated Biphenyls
   • Waste Water
     • Primary Methods
     • Secondary Methods
       • Activated Sludge Process
     • Tertiary Methods
       • Precipitation
       • Ion Exchange
       • Biological Methods
       • Activated Carbon Bed
       • Distillation
       • Reverse Osmosis
   • Chlorine/Ozone Treatment

10. Soil

    • Humus
      • Buffer
    • Soil Degradation
      • Salinization
      • Nutrient Depletion
      • Soil Pollution
    • SOM

11. Water and Soil

    • Precipitation
    • Common Ion Effect
    • Clay
      • Cation Exchange
        • CEC
          • pH

12. Waste

    • Waste Disposal
      • Landfill
      • Incineration
      • Open Dumping
    • Recycling
      • Metals
      • Glass
      • Plastics
      • Paper
    • Nuclear Waste
      • Low Level
      • High Level