Sound

Sound

1. Waves

   • Particle Waves
     • Particles are forced together or pushed apart
       • This is a longitudinal wave
   • Sound can be translated into transverse waves using an oscilloscope
     • The larger the amplitude, the louder the volume
     • The larger the wavelength, the lower the pitch
     • Hertz (Hz) is a frequency measure. It is the amount of waves in a second
       • Therefore it can tell us the pitch - the larger the Hz, the higher the pitch

2. The Ear

   • The ear has three sections:
     • Outer Ear
       • The inner ear collects sound which vibrates the eardrum
         • Sound is collected by the Pinna (cartilage)
         • This magnifies 3x-4x
     • Middle ear
       • Sound travels along three bones
         • This amplifies the sound 22x
       • It is filled with air
       • It is joined to the back of the throat
         • This is to relieve pressure
           • Both sides of the eardrum must have similar air pressure levels
     • Inner ear
       • This is made up of two main structures
         • Cochlea
           • This detects sound
             • The ossicles create waves in the fluid
               • Sensors detect the waves and send nerve impulses to the brain
         • 3 Semi-circular canals
           • These are placed in each plane of movement
             • X - Across
             • Y - Up
             • Z - Along
       • Fluid filled

3. Properties

   • Sound is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum
   • It travels as a particle wave
     • Therefore, it requires the vibration of particles and objects
       • Sound does not travel in space or a vacuum

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