Medical Ethics B603

Medical Ethics B603

1. Abortion

   • Roman catholics are pro life and are against abortion but church of england are pro choice and are for abortion under certain circumstances such as the mother being a victim of rape or is mentally unstable
     • Roman catholics believe that abortion is only accepted if done to save the mother
       • The personhood argument: when does a foestus become a person?
     • "do not murder"
     • principle of agape
     • “Treat others as you’d like to be treated”
       • Joseph Fletcher stated that it should be allowed to be terminated if was concieved through rape
     • the violinist theology: why should someone be restrained from their life to keep something unborn alive.
       • to stop someone from having an abortion is prohibiting their rights.
       • Jospeh Selling argues that ifa being qualifies as a person then it has a direct moral standing with rights and others have a duty towards it .
         • The Didache says "you shall not kill by abortion the fruit of the womb"
       • pro life and pro choice

2. euthanasia

   • it is helping someone die who has an incurable disease and is sUffering in great pain
     • voluntary
     • involuntary
     • active euthanasia is when someone takes positive action to hasten the death
     • passive euthanasia is when no positive action is taken and treatment is withdrawn
       • alternate option are hospices first done by motherTeresa in the teaching of "love thy neighbour"
       • Over 300 British people have travelled to Dignitas to die
         • "the Lord gave and the Lord has taken away"- against
     • assissted suicide
   • believed to be wrong because of "do not murder" and the sanctitiy of life which caan be seen as acting as God as he decides when to give and take life
     • Against; Jeremiah 29:11 - " for i know the plans i have for you says the lord"
     • Paeder clarke : dying of cancer and had a vision of Mary but was then healed instantly
   • FOR: it is praciticing the principle of Agape to get someone out of pain by "love thy neighbour"
   • freewill to do it
   • God would'nt want people to suffer with quality of life but they may suffer for a reason

3. cloning

   • the making of a replica of somethung
     • some christians are against because they believe god is responsible for all living things
       • If humans are cloned then what happens to the soul as it is part of God?
       • St Paul taught that the body was a temple not to be tampered with as it is harming the holy spirit which is seen as a moral sin
         • Roman catholics against cloning due to sanctity of life
   • A problem is that it could lead to reproductive cloning
     • Saviour siblings "loving a baby for healthy organs"
       • could lead to eugenics
   • Dolly the sheep was the first mammal clone in 1996 but had to be put down due to medical problems such as arthiritis
     • some may agree with therapeutic cloning as it is an act of stewardship by helping thos e in need
   • theraputic cloning is cloning cells to make tissues in the hope of finding cures.

4. suicide

   • God creates all human life and so Sanctity of life is important
     • suicide is seen as a moral sin against the holy spirit
       • Christians should trust God as suffering happens for a reason
         • The Samaritans is a organisation set up in 1953 which is a telephone line for people to ring to get someone to listen to them and discuss their problems
   • Jesus died on the cross for salvation so if you commit suicide you are dismissing this gift as the soul can't go to heaven if suicide occurs
     • "the Lord gave and the Lord has taken away"
   • "do not murder"
     • "the body is a temple for the holy spirit"
       • Past events meant that if someone committed suicide, they could not be buried in holy ground
         • Medievil belief is that all suicide victims would go to hell and they were also beheaded
           • the family are no longer rejected and are supported with councelling

5. fertility treatment

   • IVF – In Vitro Fertilisation (literally means ‘in a tube’)
     • surrogacy means burrowing the womb of a woman who carriews the baby and hands it over to the biological parents at birth.
     • AIH- artificial insemination by husband
       • 1 Sam 1:7 "hannah could not concieve because the Lord closed her womb"
         • In the end God gave her a baby because she prayed meaning christians should follow this principle
       • "love thy neighbour"
     • AID- artificial insemination by donor
       • Church of England think that IVF and AID are acceptable but AID and surrogacy arent acceptable but they belive in the statemnet "go fourth and multiply" which fertility treatment helps to encourage.
         • It could be argued that Jesus was brought up by someone who wasnt his biological father and so this is for fertility treatment
           • adoption is an alternative
       • It is heartbreaking for the parents if it fails
       • Purpose of marrige is to have a child
     • Roman catholics are against fertility treatment as it is going against the commandment "do not commit adultery"
       • mechanical adultery
         • Although in the Old testament, God allowed Sarah to allow Abraham to sleep with her servant to have a baby

6. animals in medical research

   • dominion - when humans have absolute power over the earth to do what they want
     • stewardship- when humans were sent by god to watch over the world for god.
       • "Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground”
         • some christians may argue it is okay as it is useful for saving human lives (not Quakers) and due to dominion
         • As humans are the most important part of Gods creation, as seen in the order of the creation story and thus they were made in the image of God
           • Saint Francis of Assisi believed that animals had equal importance to humans
         • Animals don't have free will
           • They don't make moral decisions
         • Adam named the animals as genesis 2 so it shows his power over them
           • Stewardship is against this and Adam wasput in the garden of Eden to care for it
           • The Noachide laws

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