CONTROL SYSTEMS

CONTROL SYSTEMS

1. The Urinary System

   • Cells produce waste products which diffuces into the blood. +carbon dioxide from respiration +urea from breakdown of amino acid in liver
   • The urinary system produces, stores and removes urine from the body. Kidneys remove ecess water and urea.

2. Kidney Failure

   • Medical condition when the kidneys can no longer filter waste products
   • SYMPTOMS: Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Nausea and urine problems (more concentrated + infrequent OR less concentrated + frequent)
   • CAUSED BY: Restriction of blood flow to kidneys OR massive does of toxins. Aloso by diabetes.
   • TREATMENTS: Kidney transplant OR Kidney dialysis (filtering of blood by machine)

3. The Kidney

   • Three stages in the working of the kidney
     • 1) FILTRATION: Water + small molecules squeezed out of blood under pressure.
     • 2) SELECTIVE REABSORPTION: Useful substances reabsorbed into blood + water level in blood adjusted to remain constant (OSMOREGULATION)
     • 3) EXCRETION OF WASTE: Excess water, ions and all urea passes to bladder in form of urine and fineally removed from body.

4. Nephron