Rivers

Rivers

1. Erosion Process: Hydraulic Action, Abrasion, Attrition ,Solution/Corrosion

2. Transport:Traction Saltation, Suspension, Solution

3. Waterfalls: Plunge Pool, Gorges, Pot Holes, V-Shaped Valley, Rapids, Interlocking Spurs

4. Different Landforms: Meanders, River Tarraces, Knick Points, Oxbow Lake, Levees, Deltas, Rias

5. Tectonic up lift, Time, Geology, Gradient, Climate, Water Composition

6. River Lune, symonds Yat, Zambuzi (Victoria Falls), tees

7. Flooding: Vegetation,drainage density, geology, snowmelt, gradient,urbanization, deforestation,misused management, exceeding bankful capacity, lag time/peak discharge

   • Case Study: Pakistan & Tewkesbury

8. Multi-use of river: recreation, water supply, HEP( steep sides/gradient, impermeable rock, high velocity), transportation, irrigation/agriculture (flat lands=machinery, alluvial soil from flooding=fertile food, food, fishing,industry= cooling process

   • Case Study: Three Gorges & the Thames & Mekong

9. Flood Management: Sluic Gates, Flood relief measures, Channelization, Levees, Clearing=Snagging and Dredging

   • Case Study: Colorado River & The Three Gorges