Explanations of ethnic inequalities

Explanations of ethnic inequalities

1. Cultural, Ethnic inequalities are temporary and based on cultural differences

   • Modood et al
     • 3/5 of Bangladeshi women and half of Pakistani women can't speak english
   • Roberts
     • Asian groups strong spirit of enterprise. Afro-Carribean groups are anti- enterprise
   • Butler
     • Muslim girls have more progressive attitudes to work and sexuality, than other muslims

2. Functionalist, ethnic inequalities are temporary and will disappear once ethnic groups are socialised into value consensus

   • Patterson
     • Host immigrant model;fear, resentment and no assimilation
   • Parsons
     • Assimilation. Inequality is temporary

3. New Right, ethnic inequalities are as a resu.lt of the culture of the underclass

   • Murray
     • Dependency culture. Afro- Carribean.
   • Sewell
     • Hyper masculine culture copied from role models

4. Marxist, Ethnic inequalities aid the capitalist system

   • Cox
     • Colonialism and slavery aided capitalism
   • Castles and Kosacks
     • Reserve army of labour. Racism and racial inequality are used to legitimise, divide and rule and scapegoat

5. Neo-Marxist, ethnic inequalities are a result of capitalism government policies and the cultural differences

   • Solomos et al
     • 'New racism' has emerged
   • Lawrence
     • New racism emerged because of Government policies, economic factors and culture clash
   • Hall
     • Scape goats, immigrants are the seen as the problem
   • Miles
     • Racialised class fraction

6. Weberain, ethnic inequalities are due to differences in class, status and party

   • Weber
     • Class, market situation. Status, social closure. Party, dominated by the white majority
   • Parkin
     • Negatively privileged status group
   • Barron and Norris
     • Ethnic minorities in the secondary labour market

7. Black Feminism, looking at ethnic inequalities alone is too simplistic, women are doubly disadvantaged

   • Abbot et al
     • Ethnocentric concentrates on white women
   • Brewer
     • Triple systems theory, Class, gender and race
   • Mirza
     • Need for distinctive black feminism
   • Connell
     • Inequalities established in colonial times are embedded in attitudes towards race, ethnicity and gender

8. Post Modern, ethnic inequalities are irrelevant

   • Gill
     • Hybridity, Blasian and brasian
   • Back
     • Cultural borrowing
   • Modood
     • No blanket explanation. Racial differences are a matter of choice
   • Vertovec
     • Super Diversity and generation EA