Swelling in the Leg

Swelling in the Leg

1. Anatomy

   • popliteal fossa

2. possible causes of leg pain

   • 1-vasculitis,2-Boil,3-diabetic muscle infraction,4-Superficial thrombophlebitis 5-Tumors (bone tumors)

3. Tumors

   • Bone Tumor
     • Physical Examination
       • -Gait -Observe: mass, swelling, deformity -Palpate: warm, cold, fluctuant, tender -AROM/PROM -NV exam -Lymph node exam (groin, axilla, neck) -Abdominal exam for masses
       • for the knee:
         • 1-Inspect. 2-Palpate. 3-Move. 4-Special Test
     • Investigations:
       • WBC:Helps to diagnose inflammation or infection
       • Hemoglobin Test:Cancer can result in Anemia which can be detected through hemoglobin test
       • The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: Inflammation is associated with cancer
       • -Evaluate bone pain or tenderness -Investigate an abnormality seen on X-ray -Find out if a bone tumor is cancer (malignant) or not cancer (benign) -Find the cause of an unexplained infection or inflammation
     • Osteosarcoma
       • Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells characterized by direct formation of osteoid or bone matrix by the tumor cells
       • Primary osteosarcoma -Children -Males -Metaphyses of long bones
       • Secondary osteosarcoma -Elderly> 40 -Flat bones -Pre-existing bone lesions
       • Risk Factor
         • -Age -Height -Gender -Race/ethnicity- Radiation to bones -Genetic predisposition- Trauma
       • stages
       • Radiology
         • X-Ray
       • Management
         • Chemotherapy(doxorubicin, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue.)
         • Surgery & Ampitation
       • Complications
         • -Metastasis -Chemotherapy side effects -Movement Problems

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