Instrument, Approach and Holding Procedures

Instrument, Approach and Holding Procedures

1. Departures

   • Turning Departure
     • After completion of the turn, track guidance must be obtained by 10km.
   • Straight Departure
   • For an instrument departure, the MOC at the DER is 0ft.
   • Omni-directional Departure
     • The aircraft should climb to 150m before turning.

2. Parallel Runway Operation

   • For parallel runways the missed approach tracks must diverge by 30 degrees.
   • Where independent parallel runway operations are in progress, the maximum permitted interception angle to intercept the localiser is 30 degrees.
   • Penetration of the NTZ requires Controller intervention.

3. Approaches

   • The minimum DA/DH for a CAT 1 ILS is dependent on the category of aircraft.
   • ICAO defined instrument approaches: Non-precision, CAT 1/2/3 precision.
   • Initial Segment
     • From the IAF to the IF
     • DR Segment
       • A DR segment should be a maximum of 10nms
       • The maximum intercept angle to the FAT at the end of the DR is 45 degrees.
   • Circling Approach - VM(C)
     • A circling approach is prohibited in the entire sector in which a conspicuous obstacle is located.
     • The MOC to land is the same for CAT A & B aircraft and the same for CAT C & D aircraft.
   • Straight in Non-precision
     • The MDA/H will not be less than the OCA/H.
     • When within an angle of 30 degrees of the runway centreline, a Non-precision approach is considered to be straight in.
   • MSA provides at least 300m obstacle clearance within the approach procedure.
   • When within 5 degrees of the FAT an aircraft is considered to be established for an NDB approach
   • If the RVR is below limits the aircraft may only descend to the Outer Marker.
   • Track Reversal
     • A manoeuvre in which a turn is made away from a designated track followed by a turn in the opposite direction to permit the aircraft to intercept an proceed along the reciprocal of the designated track is called a procedure turn.

4. Missed Approaches

   • Initial Phase
   • Intermediate Phase
     • 2.5% Climb Gradient
     • Turns up to 15 degrees
     • Ensures 30m obstacle clearance
   • Final Phase

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