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The religious and moral ideas of Judaism have left a lasting mark on Western civilization. Let's look at four central beliefs and teachings of Judaism that remain very influential today. Monotheism Most people in ancient times believed in many gods. The Hebrews were different. They believed that there is only one God, a belief called monotheism. Judaism is the world's oldest monotheistic religion. Judaism teaches that God is all-powerful and all-knowing. God is also the source of morality (standards of right and wrong). Jews believe in a solemn duty to honor and obey God. Many Jews feel they have a personal relationship with God. They speak to God through prayer and feel that God is close to them in their daily lives. Following God's Law Following God's law is central to Jewish life. The Torah instructs Jews how to lead a life that pleases God. As you have learned, Judaism's oldest laws are the Ten Commandments. The commandments tel l how to honor God. For example, one commandment tells Jews to set aside a holy day, the Sabbath, every week. The Sabbath is a day of rest and prayer. The commandments also lay down laws of right and wrong, such as "You shall not steal"