Middle Ages

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Visigoths -Several centuries after being in the Penninsula, Romans lost power and became weak.

-Vandals, Alans and Suevi invaded Hispania in 409 AD.

-Romans asked Visigoths for help.

-Visigoths expelled Vandals and Alans but not Suevi.

-Then, V¡isigoths also expelled romans, so Penninsula became ruled by the Visigoths and the Suevi.

-One of the most important visigoth king (Leovigild made Toledo the capital of the V. Kingdom.

-Visigoths became Christians and based their laws on Roman laws.

-There were 2 classes:

-Rich nobles; owners of land.

-They had political and military power.

-Peasants (farmers) who worked for nobles.

-THE VISIGOTH HERITAGE:

- Built small stone churches.

-Made jewellery.

MUSLIM INVASION.

-In 711 A.D. Muslim invaded the Penninsula and Balearic Islands.

-In only 4 years, little by little Muslims established in the south (WEATHER).

-They called it Al-Ándalus (current Andalucía) and it´s capital was Córdoba.

-In 912 A.D Abd-Rahman III became the caliph.

-The caliph had the maximum political and religious authority in Al-Ándalus.

-He was the caliphate of Córdoba, the caliphate lasted until 1031.

-Later, Al-Ándalus was divided into taifas (smaller kingdoms) that fought among them; this, helped the Christians to gain territory.

-THE CHRISTIAN TERRITORY::

-EXPANSION OF THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOM STARTED 11 YEARS AFTER THE MUSLIM INVASION.

-IT ´S CALLED THE RECONQUEST.

-AROUND 1230 THERE WERE 4 LARGE KINGDOMS.

-KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL INDEPENDENCE FROM KINGDOM OF LEON.

-KINGDOM OF NAVARRE INCLUDED NAVARRE AND LA RIOJA.

-CROWN OF ARAGON WAS FORMED BY THE CATALANIAN COUNTIES, VALENCIA AND MAJORCA.

-CROWN OF CASTILE INCLUDED THE KINGDOM OF CASTILE AND KINGDOM OF LEON, LATER. IT INCLUDED ANDALUSIA.

-IN 1479 ISABELLA I OF CASTILE MARRIED FERDINAND II OF ARAGON AND THE CROWNS OF ARAGON AND CASTILE WERE UNITED.

2. MEDIEVAL SOCIETY

-NOBLES::

-THEY WERE VERY RICH

-CLERGY::

-THEY WERE A GROUP FORMED BY MONKS, BISHOPS AND PRIESTS.

-PEASANTS

-CULTIVATED THE LAND FOR NOBLES.