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Botany&morphology

Fly: Theaceae

Camillia sinensis

Major product: leaf

Maturity:3-5 years

Life span: 50-70 years

Planting materials

seed

cuttings

18 months in nursery

12-15 months in nursery

Environment suitability

high rainfall

fertile acidic soil

high altitude

Nursery

shaded and gradually reduced

moist environment

rooting hormone

well drained

Fertilizer

NPK 18:11:5:2

C.highland: 153-270 N kg/ha (2 splits)

Lowland: 180-396 Nkg/ha

Pruning

4 types

After 3 years

prune about 45cm

top pruned each year

Bringing into bearing

Maintenance

Skifting

Tipping

formation pruning

pegging

Harvesting

pluck bud, 2nd and 3rd leaves

laborious task

Pluck more leaves, less quality

3 methods

machine

manual

tractor

Processing

Orthodox

CTC

Withering>rolling>fermentation>drying

common method

Withering>CTC>fermentation>drying

Bk, Cheeding

Planting distance

Between rows:1.5m

Between plants: 0.6m

not under shaded condition

History

began in China

found by an accident fell of leaves into boiling water

First seed in Japan by the Buddhist priest Yeisei

Portuguese Jesult Father Jasper de Cruz write about tea and introduced to Europe

Top producer

1. China

2.India

3.Kenya

4.Sri Lanka

Types of tea

Black tea

Green tea

Oolong tea

White tea

fully oxidized

not oxidized

partially oxidized

steamed and dried, least processed

Composition

Essential oil

Caffeine

Polyphenols

Growth requirements

Tropical region

Rainfall: 1000-1250mm

Temp: 10-30 celsius

Disease

Blister blight - Exobasidium vexans

Grey blight and dieback of shoots- Pestalotia theae

Collar canker- Phomopsis theae

Thorny stem blight - Tunstallia aculeata

pale yellow or pinkish translucent spots.

symptoms on young leaves

Systemic fungicides e.g. tridermorph &oxycarboxin and copper fungicide

Mature leaves, young shoots are affected

carbendazim, mancozeb, or thiophanate methyl

young tea and clones are more susceptible

systemic fungicide carbendazim

Affected bushes should be uprooted and burnt

Pest

Oligonychus coffeae- red spider mites

Helopeltis antonii - tea mosquito bug

Scirtothrips bispinosus - tea thrips

damage the green tissues of foliage

natural enemies (phytoseiid mites and coccinellid beetles (lady bird beetles)

entomopathogen, Verticillium lecanii

feeds on young shoots, leaves and buds

black plucking,weed control

endosulfan, quinalphos,chlorpyrifos, fenthion

young leaves and buds

yellow sticky traps

entomopathogen, Verticillium lecanii

predators (Anthocorids and predatory thrips )

TEA