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AMS

2 votes for electorate: one for single-member constituency using FPTP system+one for multi-member regional constituencies using closed party list and PR

Vote for candidate and then vote for the party-using the D'Hondt formula, top-up seats are allocated for regional constituencies taking in how many constituencies a party contests and how many votes they've gained

E.G.

In Scotland: 73/129 single-member constituency representatives

Wales single-member constituency representatives accounted for 40/60 MPs

Advantages

FPTP creates strong link between state and electorate

Hybrid system negates the disproportionality of FPTP in encouraged tactical voting etc. and allows for people to vote on preference

Allows for voter choice because can have split ticket e.g. Vote for a Labour candidate in single-member constituency but vote for Liberal Democrats from regional and closed lists

E.G. Under Scottish FPTP, Scottish Conservative party gained no seats in 1997 but introduction of AMS in 1999 meant they won 18 seats in Scottish parliament

Disadvantages

Creates ambiguity to jobs in parliament-some MPs have the role of supporting constituencies whilst others do not

Lack of legitimacy to 2nd vote because it is closed list-parties choose the ranking order of candidates

Less smaller party representation

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