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Astronomy Final Study Guide

Q1:A black dwarf is the outcome of what type of star?

Low Mass Star

Q2:High mass stars and low mass stars, are both born in a, what?

Nebula

Q3:What is one ingredient/ goldilocks condition needed for a star to be born?

Hydrogen & Helium

Tiny variations in density

Gravity

A temperature of 10 million degrees Celsius

Q4:After a supernova, what are two possible outcomes?

Black hole or Neutron star

Q5:A star spends 90% of its life as a, what?

Main Sequence Star

Q6:What star lives for tens of millions to trillions of years?

Low Mass Star

Q7:What force pulled together hot, dense areas of matter to begin the process of star formation?

Gravity

Q8:When protons fuse in the formation of stars, they release a huge burst of pure energy.

True

Q9:Before stars existed, the Universe was relatively, what?

cool and uniform

Q10:Aging and dying stars, nuclear fusion, incredibly high temperature and pressure, form what?

New Chemical Elements

Q11:How Many planets are in our solar system?

8

Q12:The center of our universe is...

The Sun

Q13:What is the largest planet?

Jupiter

Q14:What is the hottest/brightest planet?

Venus

Q15:What is the smallest planet?

Mercury

Q16:What planet has the biggest ring system?

Saturn

Q17:What planet is called the "Red Planet"?

Mars

Q18:The first planet to be discovered with a telescope and also spins on its side is...

Uranus

Q19:What is the third planet from the sun?

Earth

Q20:What is the farthest planet from the Sun? Sometimes called the blue planet.

Neptune

Q21:Pluto is part of the_______ belt.

Kuiper

Q22:Which planet is NOT a gas planet?

Venus

Q23:Which planet is NOT a terrestrial planet?

Uranus

Q24:What planet has the most moons?

Jupiter

Q25:How many moons does Jupiter have?

63

Q26:Which of these planets has NO moons?

Venus

Q27:When were the first images of Pluto received?

2015

Q28:How long does it take for the Earth to orbit the Sun?

365 1/4 days

Q29:How long does it take for the Earth to spin 1 time on its axis?

23 hours 56 minutes

Q30:What planet have we successfully landed a rover?

Mars

Q31:What planet is closest to the sun?

Mercury

Q32:Which inner planet is the only planet that can sustain life as we know it?

Earth

Q33:This planet's nickname is the great blue marble?

Earth

Q34:What planet is known as Earth's sister?

Venus

Q35:What planet has a rocky surface of volcanoes, meteor impacts, and huge dust storms?

Mars

Q36:Name the object that contains 99.8% of all the mass in the solar system.

Sun

Q37:All inner planets are composed of_____________.

Rock

Q38:What inner planet has the smallest diameter?

Mercury

Q39:This planet is known as the "Blue Planet." It also is the furthest planet from the Sun.

Neptune

Q40:All outer planets are composed of _____________________.

Gas

Q41:This planet is called the "Ringed Planet".

Saturn

Q42:This planet is sometimes tilted on its axis towards the Sun.

Uranus

Q43:Examples of these cold chunks of dirty ice give scientist a peek into the past include Halley.

Comets

Q44:This planet is called "The Giant".

Jupiter

Q45:They are rocky remnants from the formation of the solar system that orbit between Mars & Jupiter.

Asteroid

Q46:According to scientific theory, what has happened to matter in the universe since the Big Bang?

Matter has moved outward and collected into galaxies

Q47:How would an astronomer explain the difference between the two spectra?

The star is traveling away from us, stretching light waves

Q48:How would the spectrum of hydrogen on the distant star be described?

Red-shifted

Q49:Where did the heavy elements that make up Earth come from?

fusion in stars

Q50:Why do scientists accept the Big Bang theory?

evidence supports it

Q51:How does Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation support the Big Bang theory? It is

energy left behind from the Big Bang as radiation

Q52:How does the nebular theory describe the formation of the solar system?

A cloud of spinning dust & condensed into sun & planets

Q53:Which elements were formed in the big bang?

H & He

Q54:What happens to the atoms of a star each time it goes through a life stage?

the atoms fuse into heavier ones

Q55:A small star with a short lifespan will produce what types of elements?

elements that are lighter and smaller

Q56:All of the elements shown are found on Earth. (Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum) Where were they formed?

in ancient stars

Q56:Which planets have rings?

Gas Giants

Q57:Which of the following stars has the highest surface temperature?

a blue star

Q58:In which layer of the sun does nuclear fusion take place?

Core

Q59:Which of the following contain billions of stars and may have different shapes? galaxies

Q60:Which of the following planets is located one astronomical unit from the sun?

Earth

Q61:Which of the following terrestrial planets has retrograde rotation?

Venus

Q62:What is located between Mars and Jupiter?

Asteroid Belt

Q63:In the process of nuclear fusion, four hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a nucleus of

Helium

Q64:Which of the following planets in the outer solar system is tipped on its side?

Uranus

Q65:The Milky Way is an example of a(n)

spiral galaxy

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