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Discuss the legal and moral dilemmas associated with providing first aid. (5 marks)

If something is legally implied, it means that it was what is meant to be done. For example, if a first aider arrives on site of an emergency and begins first aid, legally they are required to continue providing aid until informed by a higher power such as paramedics. On the other hand, a first aider morally has no obligation to begin first aid. It is common for most people to want to assist, however morally they don't need to. Connected to legally if a first aider begins first aid they are then required to continue. An example of a first aid situation would include a car crash. The first aider arrives and begins DRSABCD, they are now legally required to continue administering first aid until paramedics arrive. However

The main concern for people administering first aid is 'if I do something wrong, will I be sued for negligence?' Various Australian States and Territories exclude from liability a person where, in an emergency, help a person who is, or risks being, injured. Such protection from civil liability for an act or omission exists as long as:

• The person rendering assistance does so in good faith.

The person's action was without expectation of reward or payment.

• The person was not responsible for the injury in relation to which the assistance was provided.

• The person exercises reasonable care and skill. People trained in administering first aid are not legally obligated to do so. However, in an emergency situation the first aider is faced with a moral dilemma. Do they stand back, watch and do nothing? Most first aiders feel obligated to assist in an emergency situation. Duty of care describes the legal duty owed by one person to another to act in a certain way. First aiders have a duty of care towards their casualties to exercise reasonable care and skill in providing first aid treatment. The duty arises because they have knowledge and skills relevant to a medical emergency situation.

Whilst out on a bushwalk, you come across an injured hiker. There is someone bleeding and they appear to be unconscious. Analyze how you would handle the situation. (10 marks)

When assessing an incident, follow the DRSABCD. Begin by assessing for any dangers to the first aider and to the patient, for example in this situation dangers could include snakes, or even falling rocks. If the patient or first aider is in immediate danger, remove from location, however with the patient avoid any forms of serious movements unless necessary as the cause of injury is unknown. The next step is to attempt to receive a response from the patient, using COWS (can you hear me, open your eyes, what's your name, and squeeze my hand). In this situation, the patient is unconscious therefore nonresponsive. It is important with an unconscious patient to receive help as soon as possible, this referring to sending for help, done by calling 000. Do not leave the patient alone if possible, however, if no other ways of finding help are available avoid leaving them alone for prolonged periods of time.

Once emergency services have been informed, continue to assess the patient. The next stage is to check for signs of breathing, checking to see if there is anything blocking the airway for example a piece of food, if an object is blocking a clear airway, it is important to remove this object. Placing the patient into the recovery position and using two-finger to remove the object. Once the airway is clear, next is to ensure that the patient breathing. As the first aider, rest your head along the stomach and check for the rising and falling motion of the chest, another way is to place the side of your head above the nose or mouth, to feel for the movement of air.

If it is found that the patient is not showing any signs of breathing even with a clear airway, it is important to begin administering CPR as soon as possible. Applying 30 compressions to 2 breaths. This is to be continued until emergency services arrive and you are informed to stop by a paramedic. In this certain situation, the availability to a defibrillator is not granted meaning that this is the most help a first aider is able to administer.

Describe the STOP procedure used in first aid. Provide an example to support your response. (5 marks)

First aid refers to the immediate assistant administered to a person, suffering from any form of minor to serious injury or illness for example treating a patient for a knee injury playing soccer. The STOP procedure stands for acts of stop, talk, observe, and prevent. The action of the stop means to stop the patient from moving. By avoiding moving the patient decreases chances of making the injury worse such as bending a dislocated knee could cause even more damage. It is only necessary to move the patient if they are in a place of serious danger to themselves or to the first aider such.

The next thing to do is to talk to the patient, it is important to find out any important information about the injury, including how it happened and the area where the pain is coming from in this case the area of pain would be the patella.

Next is to observe the patient, taking note of any abnormal swelling or actions, such as extreme swelling in the lower part of the leg, below the injured knee. The first aider is also observing for signs of more serious illnesses such as shock.

Lastly, it is important to prevent further injury for the patient. After observing the patient for a period of time, if the injury does not seem to be too serious, recommend RICER to the patient to speed up the healing process however if the injury is quite serious it is important to seek medical assistance as soon as possible to avoid making the injury more serious.

Outline the particular safety issues associated with traffic accidents. (3 marks)

When assessing a traffic accident begins with removing any serious dangers, those to the first aider, the patients, and to any bystanders. Dangers could include broken glass, oil fires from leaking petrol, and in some cases electrical wire from fallen telephone poles. As a first aider is it also important to ensure safety to one's self. The use of protective clothing in cases of fire as well as acknowledging any specific dangers before entering the scene. Lastly, it is also important to ensure safety to bystanders, this can be done using or car headlights to light out the site if it is dark, and by also blocking off other traffic using other cars.

Discuss why the fitness industry can be a target for inaccurate or over-exaggerated claims and offers. (5 marks)

Fitness is a state of health and well-being, whilst also being able to perform aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities. It is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest. It is commonly found that fitness industries over-exaggerated products that they intend to sell. Via the use of celebrities, they are able to include reasons for people to buy the product. An example would include the inclusion of Chuck Norris in the Total Gym advertisement. The use of marketting deals, enables nesses to

Explain the sources of support following first aid situations. (7 marks)

The main sources of support are debriefing and counseling. They are often crucial for first aiders and individuals after a serious first aid incident, disaster, or trauma. Debriefing is an often voluntary discussion, which is aimed at putting abnormal past accidents into perspective It offers acts of clarity about the incident which was experienced and assist to establish a process towards recovery. Times, when debriefing is necessary, is incidents at a workplace, used to assist in avoiding a future accident and for those involved. On the other hand, the acts of counseling are used to help the patient to identify and come to terms with the feelings and emotions possibly experienced during or after a traumatic event. An example of an incident could include a car accident, witnessing a robbery, or being involved in a natural disaster. After a serious incident such as a car accident, it is likely that the patient and bystanders would benefit from the acts of counseling, to assist in letting them understand their feelings and management techniques to use overtime. The effectiveness of each is quite often determined by factors such as experience, personal history, and also the level of involvement in the incident.

Outline the changing attitudes toward fitness.

Discuss the benefits of TWO individual fitness activities.

Outline the changing attitudes toward fitness. (3 marks)

Fitness is the common condition of being physically healthy and fit. Over time attitudes have changed adapted to the development of new technologies and gadgets, such as television and mobile phones. Fitness is seen today as an overall benefit to a person's health and wellbeing. Whereas fitness being seen as one that focused on improving performance in a specific sport or physical activity, such as increasing the ability to pass a ball during a netball game, as opposed to running or walking daily to improve one's mental health.

Discuss the benefits of TWO individual fitness activities. (5 marks)

Two examples of beneficial fitness activities include power walking and swimming. Power walking is a form of exercise, that involves walking at speeds above the average normal walking speed. Benefits of power walking are the fact that it is a low impact and aerobic activity, being cost-efficient and time-efficient. It is also an activity that is able to be performed without equipment and can be done almost anywhere, such as around the block or even on the way to school or work. Swimming, on the other hand, is a form of exercise that involves repetitive movements through the water, it is often a moderate activity, however, in competitive circumstances, it can be classified as vigorous activity. Swimming is beneficial for improving muscle strength whilst building endurance and cardiovascular fitness. it is also a low impact sport allowing for elderly people to take part as well as it is helpful in teaching young children how to swim for later times.