Virus glycoprotein

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Virus Glycoprotein

Equine influenza virus: Reverse genetics is an important tools used to study the interaction of the virus with host cell and the host immune response. http://www.aht.org.uk/cms-display/science_eqflu.html

Antiviral and antiviral strategies: target neuraminidase. NA facilitates the release of virus particles from infected cells by

cleaving a sialic acid residue from the cell-surface glycoprotein. By

blocking this reaction, NA inhibitors prevent the release of virus.

However, numerous viruses, such as herpes-, adeno-, and paramyxoviruses, have been investigated, characterised, and modified with the aim to generate a new anti-cancer treatment option. Among the different viruses, measles virus still represents a highly interesting candidates for such an approach. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/6/2340/htm

Carbohydrate chain:

1. Hide virus from immune system eg. Ebola glycoprotein

Viruses fuse cells by two mechanisms:http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v7/n12/fig_tab/nrc2272_F1.html 1. Fusion from within

2. Fusion from without

a | Fusion from within occurs after a virus

infects a cell and expresses its fusogenic protein(s) (red), which are

localized at various cellular compartments, including the plasma

membrane. As a result, the cell can fuse to any other cell that has a

receptor for the fusion proteins. The cell containing nuclei of the

fusion partners (a heterokaryon) can enter mitosis, which produces

mononucleated cells (hybrids), or remain quiescent. Fusion from within

also occurs if only a viral fusogenic protein rather than the whole

virus is expressed. For example, Env proteins of endogenous retroviruses

are sufficient to fuse cells and are expressed in some normal and

cancerous tissues. b | Fusion from without is

mediated by viral particles that fuse cells without infecting them. How

this fusion occurs is not entirely clear and is thought to involve

bridging of the cells by the particles. A significant difference between

the two mechanisms is that fusion from within produces infected cells,

while fusion from without can produce hybrids that carry no traces of

the virus that made them. As a result, viruses can produce hybrids that

have no indication of their viral origin.

HIV is an example of fusion from without. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC236557/