PSY 2210 - Chapter 10 Notes

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Key Terms:

Criterion-Referenced Score: assessment score that specifically indicates what s student knows or can do

Formative Assessment: assessment conducted before or during instruction to facilitate instructional planning and enhance students' learning

identify students' existing strengths and interests

determine students' current knowledge and misconceptions about a topic

ascertain students' progress midway through a lesson

Formal Assessment: planned in advance and used for a specific purpose

Informal Assessment: spontaneous, day-to-day observations of what students say and do in the classroom

Rubric: two-dimensional table that includes two or more characteristics on one dimension and concrete criteria for rating them on the other dimension; useful in evaluation of a multifaceted performance or product

Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA): U.S. legislation passes in 1974 that gives students and parents access to school records and limits other people's access to those records

Implications...

Teachers can't ask students to reveal their political affiliation, sexual behavior or attitudes, illegal behaviors, embarrassing psychological problems, or family income.

Teachers can't allow students to see one another's assessment scores.

Norm-Referenced Score: assessment score that indicates how a student's performance compares with the average performance of others

Reliability: the extent to which an assessment instrument or procedure yields consistent information about the knowledge, skills, or characteristics being assessed

Validity: extent to which an assessment actually measures what it is intended to measure and allows appropriate inferences about the characteristic or ability in question

Content Validity: extent to which an assessment includes a representative sample of tasks within the content domain being assessed

Practicality: extent to which an assessment instrument or procedure is inexpensive and easy to use and takes only a small amount of time to administer and score

No Child Left Behind Act: U.S. legislation passed in 2001 that mandates regular assessments of basic skills to determine whether students are making adequate yearly progress in relation to state-determined standards in reading, math, and science

Summative Assessment: assessment conducted after instruction to assess students' final achievement

assign final class grades

determine which students are ready for more advanced classes

Response to Intervention: approach to diagnosing significant learning difficulties in which students are identified for in-depth assessment after failing to master certain basic skills despite evidence-based whole-class and small-group instructional practices

Assessment Bias: extent to which assessment tasks either offend or unfairly penalize some students because of their membership in a particular group

Test Anxiety: excessive anxiety about a particular test or about an assessment in general

Standardization: extent to which assessments involve similar content and format and are administered and scored similarly for everyone

Examples:

Students get the same instructions

Students perform identical or similar tasks

Students have the same time limits

Student work under the same constraints

Student responses scored using the same criteria

Every Child Succeeds Act: U.S. legislature passed in 2015 that continued the No Child Left Behind Act's mandates for frequent assessments of students' progress in reading, math, and science; however, it gave greater flexibility to individual states in terms of identifying appropriate standards, assessment techniques, and corrective actions for low-performing schools

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What is an Assessment?

a process of observing a sample of a student's behavior and drawing inferences about the student's knowledge and abilities

The purpose of an assessment is to...

guide instructional decision making

diagnose learning and performance problems

determine what students have ultimately learned from instruction

evaluate the quality of instruction

promote learning

A good assessment is RSVP.

Reliable

Standardized for Most Students

Valid for its Purpose

Practical

Validity is the most important.

Standardized Test: a test developed by test construction experts and published for use in many different schools and classrooms

enable teachers and school administrators to compare their own students' general achievement levels with other students elsewhere

tracking students' general progress overtime

Accountability: mandated obligation of teachers and other school personnel to accept responsibility for students performance on high-stakes assessments

High-Stakes Testing: practice of using students' performance on a single assessment to make major decisions about student, school personnel, or overall school quality