Module 1 Study Guide Outline

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fI. Defining Deviance

A. What is deviant behavior?

1. Deviance is the violation of norms and expectations set by those with the power to enforce social norms.

B. What is normal?

1. By using Sumner's definition of folkways, mores, and laws. (1907) We determine that normal is

a. Folkways which are everyday customs based on custom, traditions, and etiquettes.

i. examples of these are fashion norms and table manners.

b. Mores are moral norms that are based on social values.

i. drug addition interracial marriage, and affairs.

ii. when these mores are threatened it is believed that social order could be ruined.

c. Laws are the strongest norms since they are supported by a formal code of sanctions.

i. examples include adultery, murder, and assault.

ii. violations can lead to imprisonment and even death.

d. crime violates law

e. sins violates religious values

f. poor taste are violations of informal folkways

C. crime and deviance

a. While some acts do overlap with crime and deviance many acts of deviance like unwed pregnancy aren not criminal. and some acts of crime do not bring moral censure such as the Enron scandal and Martha Stewart.

b. crime and deviance overlap with independent dimensions.

II. ABCs of Deviance

A. Attitudes

1. Being branded deviant for alternative attitudes or beliefs

a. examples would be religious cults and terrorists.

B. Behavior

1. overt acts that are determined as deviant

a. kinky sexual behaviors or using drugs

2. achieved deviant status- when people are typed into deviant label for overt behaviors.

C. conditions

1. seen as deviant for conditions or quality that may be achieved.

a. based on conditions from birth that a person cannot control.

b. socioeconomic status and physical disabilities.

i. ascribed deviant status- based on a condition that is given at birth.

III. Three categories of S's

A. Sin

1.Behaviors that were deviant from the norm were thought to be sinful and contributed to satanic influence

2. exorcisms were performed in order to exorcise demons from individuals.

B. Sick

1. medicalization of deviance used to explain drug use, sexual behavior, homosexuality

a. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders was used by psychiatrists to diagnose deviances and allow them to claim reimbursement by sending patients to in and outpatient care.

2. use of medical treatment for responding to deviance. America is the most legally medicated society in world History.

C. Selected

1. Certain behaviors seen as intentionally selected choices or forms of recreation such as homosexuality, gambling, or obesity.

IV. Deviance and Boundary Maintenance for Communities

A. Communities are Boundary maintaining

1. Every community has a special geographical location and cultural space

2. A community's members tend to confine and limit themselves to a certain range of conduct and behavior

3. These boundaries are maintained because they retain cultural integrity, make possible a degree of stability, and retain a pattern activity.

B. Marking and Publicizing Boundaries

1. Boundaries are marked by behaviors.

2. Rituals such as wars and public ceremonies may also mark boundaries.

3. The most critical way boundaries are marked is through the encounters of deviant individuals and agents of the communities such as trials.