BIOL 239 Key Terms for Final Exam

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species

domestication

purebred lines

genotype

phenotype

reciprocal cross

monohybrid cross

dominant

recessive

diploid

haploid

homologous chromosomes

polymorphic

monomorphic

gamete

germ cell

meiosis

Law of Segregation

Law of Independent Assortment

Punnett square

allele

enzyme

law of product

law of sum

phenotypic ratio

genotypic ratio

true breeding

homozygous recessive

test cross

inheritance pattern

3:1 ratio

1:2:1 ratio

9:3:3:1 ratio

wild type

monomorphic

polymorphic

pleiotropy

sickle cell anemia

multifactorial inheritance

heterozygote

complementation

protein products

epistasis

gene interaction

recessive epistasis

gene expression

9:3:4 ratio

dominant epistasis

12:3:1 ratio

Bombay gene

penetrance

complete penetrance

incomplete penetrance

constant expression

variable expression

sex-linked gene

sex-limited gene

sex-influenced gene

conditional lethality

conditions affected by a single gene

colour blindness

cystic fibrosis

tay-sach's disease

sickle cell anemia

albinism

PKU

phenylalanine

melanin

huntingdon's

glutamine (and what is AA code?)

breeding experiment

pedigree

mitosis

unipartite

bipartite

tetrad

prophase I (what are the parts of it?)

letotene

zygotene

pachytene

diplotene

diakinesis

metaphase I

telophase I

chromosomal theory of inheritance

oogenesis

oocyte

morgan the fly guy

criss cross inheritance

hemizygous

aneuploidy

trisomy

turner's syndrome

x inactivation

kleinfelter's

monosomy

mosaic

gynandromorph

euploidy

polyploidy

somy

parthenogenesis

hybrid species

1-1-1-1 ratio

non-1-1-1-1 ratio

recombinant

recombination frequency

map unit

crossover events

:

/

double crossover

steps for fastest way of mapping genes?

3 point cross

coefficient of coincidence

Griffith

Avery

Hershey & Chase

Watson & Crick

Rosalind Franklin

bacteriophage

purine

pyrimidines

chi square

degrees of freedom

p value (plus mnemonic)

Final Exam Only (80%)

senescence

shortening telomeres

telomerase

RNA

DNA sequence

stem cell

progeria

Benjamin Button Mice

AUG

methionine

start codon

stop codon

reading frame

Francis Crick

mutation

nucleotide

nucleoside

codon

intragenic suppression

frameshift mutation

C-Phe and tRNA

polarities

ORF

transcription

translation

RNA polymerase

RNA polym I/II/III (separate cards)

promoters

terminators

prokaryotes

5' end has triphosphate instead of methylated cap

eukaryote

poly-A tail

methyl cap

methyl transferase

lariat shape

WYSIWYG

intron

exon

Duchenne

muscular dystrophy gene

splicing

antigen

alternative splicing

trans-slicing

mRNA

tRNA

tRNA synthetases

degenerate code

wobble

peptidal transferase

shine dalgarno

formyl-methionine

untranslated regions

initiation phase

silent mut

missense mut

nonsense mut

frameshift mut

TATA box

consensus sequences

sigma factor

regulatory proteins

lac operon

beta galactosidase

permease

allolactose

Monod/Jacob (know names!)

polycystronic mRNA

operon theory

repressor gene

inducer

constitutive mutants

operator

plasmid

diptheria toxin gene

enhancer

cis/trans acting?

TBP

TAF

transcriptional activators

dimer

quenching

silencer

histones

type II REN

electrophoresis

molecular cloning

vector

plasmid vectors

transformants

ampicillin resistance gene

blue-white selection

YAC

DNA library

Huma Genome Project

ligase

reverse transcriptase

population

gene pool

phenotype frequency

allele fre

genotype fre

HWL

assumptions

HWE

genetic drift

fitness

relative fitness

calculate?

selection pressures

substitution mutations

transition

transversion

deletion mut

insertion mut

inversion mut

reciprocal translocation

Luria Delbruk experiment

resistance

depurination

bactericide

Lamarck's theory of evolution

Hypothesis 1 and 2

selective pressure

mutagen

kink/deformation of DNA

endonuclease

excision repair

glycosylase

methyl-directed mismatch repair

southern blot analysis

restriction endonuclease

hybridize

complementary sequences

ethidium bromide

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

oligonucleotide

thermocycling

Sanger dideoxy sequencing

polyacrylamide gel

p53

Rb

E2F

kinase complex

'two hit' mutation model

retinoblastoma

sporadic form

BRCA1 and BRCA2

tumor suppressor genes

oncogenes

protooncogenes

translocation

contact inhibition

autocrine stimulation

metastasis

angeogenesis