Coastal management - soft engineering

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Beach replenishment/nourishment - adding sand and sediment to the beach from the sea floor

-Creates wider beaches

-Protects from erosion and flooding

-Looks natural

-Taking material can kill organisms

-It is very expensive

-It has to be repeated

-Could affect tourism

Dune regeneration - Sand dunes are good buffers to the sea. Marram grass can be planned to stabilise the dunes and help them develop. areas are fenced off to help them develop

-Stabilises the dune

-Cheap

-Removed easily by storms

-No guarantee that people will stay off areas

-Easily damaged by walkers

Marsh creation - can be used to break up the waves and reduce their speed,reducing the waves erosive power. They can also reduce flooding

-It can be beneficial to plants and animals by providing new habitats

-Can be a cheap option

-This method is highly controversial however, as land is lost and the human cost can be greater than the financial

Managed retreat - Allowing a section of land to flood in order for plants to grow and therefore become a natural wave and flood barrier

-Creates new marshland habitats

-Fairly cheap

-Flooding is reduced

-May cause conflict due to lost land

-Could affect people's lives